Superfamily APOIDEA 2061 



melanophaea wootoni Cockerell. Mont., Nebr., Colo., N. Me.x. Parasite: Coelioxys sodalis 

 Cress., C. rufitarsis Sm. Pollen: Presumably polylectic, visits flowers of Astragalus, 

 Medicago sativa. 

 Megachile wootoni Cockerell, 1898. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1: 125. 6. 

 mucida Cresson. N. J., N. C, Ga., Tex. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers o{ Litpinus, 

 PolycodiuDi, Rubus, Tephrosia virginiana. 

 Megachile mucida Cresson, 1878. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 118. 6 (9 misdet.). 

 Megachile mucida semimucida Cockerell, 1909. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4: 26. 9, 6. 

 Megachile audax Mitchell, 1924. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 40: 161. 6. 



Genus MEGACHILE Subgenus PHAENOSARUS Mitchell 



Megachile subg. Phaenosarus Mitchell, 1934. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 59: 303, 309. 

 Type-species: Megachile fortis Cresson. Orig. desig. 

 agustini Cockerell. Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Baileya, 

 Helianthus, Heterotheca, Verbesina, Viguiera, Zexmenia. 

 Megachile agustini Cockerell, 1905. Ent. News 16: 82. i. 



Megachile (Phaenosarus) subfortis Mitchell, 1936. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 62: 145. 6. 

 fortis Cresson. 111., Iowa, Wis., S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., La., Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz. Parasite: 

 Coelioxys rufitarsis Sm. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Dicrophyllum 

 marginatum, Helianthus peliolaris, H. subrhomboideus, Silphium integrifolium, 

 Solidago canadensis, Vemonia fasciculata. 

 Megachile fortis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 262. 6. 

 Megachile emoryi Cockerell, 1904. Entomologist 37: 7. 9. 

 Megachile fortis var. vestali Cockerell, 1913. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11: 530. S. 



Biology: Hicks, 1926. Colo. Univ. Studies 15: 229 (nest, parasite). 



Morphology: Fischer, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 657-673, 9 figs, (musculature of male 

 metasoma and genitalia). 



Genus MEGACHILE Subgenus MEGACHILOIDES Mitchell 



Megachiloides Mitchell, 1924. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 40: 154. 

 Type-species: Megachiloides oenotherae Mitchell. Monotypic 



The bees of this subgenus appear to be specialists of the Onagraceae, collecting pollen espe- 

 cially from the large flowered species of the genus Oenothera. Apparently the species also 

 differ in that some excavate their own nesting burrows while at least one species appropriates 

 preexisting tunnels of other bees. 



Taxonomy: Bohart and Youssef, 1972. Royal Ent. Soc London, Trans. 124: 18 (biol. 

 characters). 

 arnica Cresson. Kans., Tex. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Anogra pallida, Monarda 

 punctata, Opuntia, Verbesina encelioides. 

 Megachile aniica Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 265. 6. 

 oenotherae (Mitchell). N. J., N. C, Okla., Tex. Ecology: Nests in preexisting burrows of 



Andrena macro Mitchell in sandy loam soil, using cut leaves for cells and caps them 

 with cut piecies of petals from Oenothera laciniata. Parasite: Coelioxys piercei Cwfd.?. 

 Pollen: Collects pollen from the flowers of Oenothera laciniata, but also visits flowers of 

 Ceanothus americaiius, Meriolex drunimoyidiana, Penstemon. 

 Megachiloides oenotherae Mitchell, 1924. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 40: 154. 9, 6. 



Biology: Sivik, 1954. Ent. News 65: 256 (nest, parasite). 

 umatillensis (Mitchell). Wash., Utah, Colo. Ecology: Excavates nesting burrows in partially 

 stabilized sand dunes, uses Oenothera petals for cell walls and folds cell walls over at 

 top to cap the cell. Parasite: Coelioxys mesae Ckll., Neniognatha lutea LeC. Pollen: 

 Collects pollen from flowers of Oenothera pallida. 

 Megachiloides umatillensis Mitchell, 1927. Psyche 34: 118. 6, 9. 



Biology: Bohart and Youssef, 1972. Royal Ent. Soc London, Trans. 124: 1-19, 23 figs, (life 

 history, foraging behavior, nest architecture, parasites). 



