132 



vesting is that generally practiced, except much of the wheat and some 

 of the oats have had to be cut with the sickle. Com is always cut up 

 at the roots and set in stooks to save for fodder. There is no great va- 

 riation in the yearly amount of product per acre, and what there is, is 

 caused by the condition of the soils, some years it l?eing more highly 

 manured, and better tilled than others. The difference in the seasons 

 has very httle effect on the crops. The average product per acre, for 

 three years preceeding the present, (that not being all threshed and 

 measured yet,) was wheat 36 bushels, barley 33, oats 59, com 122, 

 in the ear. The Hessian fly nearly destroyed a field of early sown wheat 

 ■when that insect first made its appearance in this State, many years 

 since. From that time sowing has been deferred until cool weather, 

 which has saved the crop from further injury from that source. 



13. When land is plowed one foot deep with a narrow furrow, the 

 furrow slice will stand nearly on the edge, with the manure between the 

 furrows. This, in the after cultivation, of six or eight inches deep, will, 

 to that depth, thoroughly intermix it with the soil. Fine manure 

 spread on the surface after plowing, will also become intermixed with 

 the soil as deep as the cultivator is permitted to run. Manure is some- 

 times used as a top-dressing, but this is attended with loss unless ap- 

 phed in cloudy or wet weather. 



14. Potatoes have been affected with the rot, and after trying several re- 

 commended remedies for that disease, to no purpose, their cultivation 

 has been nearly abandoned. jSTo disease has affected potatoes the two 

 past seasons. 



GRASS LANDS, drC. 



15. Bed clover and timothy seed are used. Clover seed is generally 

 sown in the chaff at the rate of eight or ten bushels, with four quarts of 

 timothy seed, to the acre. Grass seed is sown on wheat in March, and 

 with spring grain at the time of sowing the grain, and the ground then 

 rolled, unless the weather is rainy. All land is seeded whenever cropped 

 with small ofrain. White clover abounds in the land to a considerable 

 extent, and is better than red for dairy purposes. 



16. As land is kept in grass only a year or two at a time, the amount 

 varies. The last two seasons, seven and ' three-fourth acres, including 

 about one acre of fence comers, constituted all my mowing lands. The 

 production varies from 2 to 3^ tons per acre. Grass is cut when the 



