177 



which a friend in Paris had presented to me. At Naples they were 

 taken from me to undergo a priestly inspection. I obtained them again 

 with some diffiei;lty, by the payment of a heavy duty. I purchased in 

 Florence, some veiy harmless articles. At the Po, where I entered 

 Austrian Italy, I not only was compelled to pay a duty, but I was 

 threatened with a fine and a confiscation of the articles; inasmuch, as 

 not dreaming of any offence, I did not declare them before I opened 

 my trunks. I supposed that articles purchased on the Arno were still at 

 home on the banks of the Po. In the nature of things, the prosperity of 

 trade, and the well being of the children of men, I cannot perceive the dif- 

 ference between sailing from Mai-seilles to Naples, and sailing from New 

 York to New Orleans ; or the difference between passing from the Arno 

 to the Po, and passing from the Hudson to the Delaware. 



In our federal Union we realize the magnanimity, the moral great- 

 ness, the wise policy, the generous intercourse, the intellectual no less 

 than the commercial advantages, of acknowledging and obeying the 

 great law of the interdependence of nations. 



But while in our mightier relations we obey the law of interdepend- 

 ence, let us not violate it in the lesser and more intimate. If it holds 

 between state and state, and nation and nation, much more must it hold 

 with respect to those smaller communities which go to make up states 

 and nations. There can be no i^round for strife between the town and 

 the coiintry, between the great city and the small villages, or between 

 city and city, and village and village. The existence of the one sustains 

 the existence of the other ; nay, one cannot exist without the other ; the 

 growth and prosperity of the one, is the gi'owth and prosperity of the 

 other. London has been growing immeasurably, and at the same time 

 Birmingham, Liverpool and Glasgow have been growing also : and in- 

 deed almost every town and village in the Kingdom. 



The same is true of our own country. Boston, New York, Philadel- 

 phia and Baltimore have all been growing. But their growth, instead 

 of preventing, rendered it inevitable that great cities must spring up in 

 the West also. And every great city calls into being its satellites of 

 smaller towns ; and around cities and towns with their manufactures 

 and commerce, there spreads out the richly cultivated and productive 

 coimtry. Every new farm and dwelling, every new village and city, 

 every new manufactory or trade, shows new hands, at work in the great 



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