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age, where they remain uutil they are nineteen, when they may enter 

 the University upon examination. 



The Gymnasia are of two kinds, the Learned- Gymnasia where the 

 classics are made the basis of education ; and the Real-Gymnasia, where 

 the Sciences are made the basis. The Sciences and Classics are taught 

 in both kinds, but there is a difference in the method. In some of the 

 Universities, students have been admitted upon a mere scientific prepa- 

 ration, although this is an evasion of the general law. The teachers in 

 the Gymnasia are prepared in the Gymnasia, and most of them have 

 also gone through a course in the University. I have seen University 

 educated men, teaching arithmetic, history and geography. The teach- 

 ers in the primary schools are prepared in the Normal Schools, or Sem- 

 inaries, as they are called in Prussia. The great excellence of the 

 Prussian system is that none but thoroughly prepared teachers are em- 

 ployed. 



But in addition to the primary schools, the Gymnasia, and the Uni- 

 versities, which are all open to the people indiscriminately, and at a very 

 moderate expense, there are also schools for the arts and trades. There 

 are three descriptions of these to which I would advert — the Royal 

 Artizan's School, at Berlin, with its dependencies ; the Royal Academy 

 at Berlin, with its dependencies ; and the Agricultural Schools. 



There are many Artizans' Schools in the provinces, where an educa- 

 tion is afforded with particular reference to mechanical pursuits. The 

 best pupils in these are admitted into the Royal School, and supported 

 there outright. Others are also admitted, subject to no expense but 

 that for clothes, board and lodging. No pupil is admitted into the 

 Royal Artizan's School, under seventeen years of age. The candidate 

 must have studied the mathematics preparatory to the Calculus, and 

 must have wrought at least one year in a mechanic's or engineer's shop. 

 One year, they study together mathematics, natural science and drawing. 

 After this they are divided into three clasees — the class of Chemists, 

 the class of Engineers, and the class of House-builders. These desig- 

 nations, however, are quite general. The class of House-buildere 

 embraces every thing relating to architectural design and ornament. T 

 found Kiss, one of the greatest sculptors of Prussia, giving instruction 

 to the house-builders, in his art. The class of Engineers also embraces 

 every description of mechanical work to which the arts of design are 



