559 



gree of conscious exertion, of effort, of actual labor, is requisite. Tlie 

 nature and amount of the labor necessary to produce the means of sus- 

 taining life, differ greatly among the divers species of animal life ; the 

 amount and kind of labor are regulated by, and required for, the gratifi- 

 cation of each individual's appetites, pa&^ions, and propensities — in other 

 words, its wants. 



The inferior animals having but the physical or animal appetites, pas- 

 sions and propensities, without the higher passions, emotions and men- 

 tal faculties given to man, and in a state of Nature, (especially in the 

 early stages of life,) better protected, have a less number and a less 

 variety of vrants, consequently a less necessity for labor. The ox, the 

 horse, and most inferior animals, have been kindly clothed by the hand 

 of Omnipotence. The fox digs his tenement in the earth, the bear 

 finds it in the cleft of the rock, or the hollow of the tree ; the thicket 

 furnishes shelter to the deer and the bufialo; while the feathered tribes 

 are endowed with means of locomotion which enables them to follow 

 the sun, to taste the enjoyments, and to avoid the inclemencies of ever)' 

 clime. Of these, the wants are few. Their food consisting mostly of 

 the spontaneous productions of the earth, needing no preparation to fit 

 them for their use ; for as God did not see fit to give them the mental 

 faculties, or the necessary organs to prepare the food for their stomachs, 

 lie has kindly fitted their stomachs to the food. The few faculties 

 which they possess, attain their maturity much earUer than ours. But 

 they do not advance beyond a certain stage ; their mode of obtaining 

 subsistence and of constructing their dwellings, is the same to-day as on 

 the day when antiquity began. 



Man was by Nature, more naked and defenceless ; the earlier years 

 of his life, absolute helplessness ; naked, he must be clothed ; exposed 

 to the inclemencies of the weather, he must have shelter. Unable, like 

 the ox, to feed upon grass, or (except to a limited extent, or in favored 

 localities,) upon the spontaneous productions of the earth, for him the 

 earth must be cultivated ; and even when the earth had brought forth 

 lier abundance, her golden harvests were not fitted for his food as they 

 came from the field. Man had been fashioned with a finer mould, a 

 more delicate organization. The grains and fruits of the earth must be 

 subjected to many laborious processes, to fit them for his digestion and 

 sustenance. He was also endowed with a greater variety of appetites, 



