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1 



nary wants ? Try the experiment for a moment ; deteruiiiie to forego 

 all benefits of the labor of others, mental and physical ; a moment's 

 consideration wiU satisfy you that you must at once go back to the low- 

 est possible stage of savage life. To say nothing of food, take the a:- 

 ticle of clothing, and one of the simplest of the kind, boots and shoes. 

 Can you kill the animal for his hide ? perhaps, with a club or a stone ; 

 can you take off the hide ? possibly with a stone or sharp stick. Will 

 you tan the leather ? firet construct your vat ; for this you want the la- 

 bor, or at least the tools of the joiner ; but these are of iron or steek 

 you must stop your mechanical operations for a time; you must find. 

 the ore, acquaint yourself by your own unaided experiments, with chem- 

 ifltiy and metallurgy. Construct your furnace and your forge for the 

 working of your ore ; you are in a dilemma ; you have no iron to begin 

 with, if you knew how. We are not yet half through with the pro- 

 cess ; and yet you perceive that more than one lifetime — ^yes, more than 

 ten in succession, must have been spent in getting thus far, (to say no- 

 thing of labor of procuring food,) and your feet are yet bare. You 

 may say then, I will go without shoes, or use the untanned hide. So 

 does the savage. 



You may take any other article of clothing, and most ailicles of. 

 food, or the construction of your dwellings ; ran through the like pro-, 

 cess, and you will find, if you determine to live upon your own labor, 

 rejecting that of others, you are brought directly back, not only to sav- 

 age life, but to the lowest possible stage of it — that, in fact, men could 

 not exist at all, except in some favored locality — that, in this manner, 

 the earth could never sustain a dense population. Even the American 

 savages had made more advance than this; and yet the whole area of 

 the United States could support but a few hundred thousand Indians, 

 while it is capable of sustaining as many hundred millions, in civihzed 

 life. 



These consideratious^ show the necessity of the division of labor, phy- 

 sical and mental, into various branches or departments, by which each, 

 adopting that branch, or those branches peculiarly fitted to his faculties, 

 acquires, in time, a degree of knowledge or dexterity in his particular 

 profession or occupation, which enables each to produce ten or a hun- 

 dred fold greater result, in that particular department. Thus enabhng 

 those of one trade or occupation to produce ten fold more of the article 



