STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. (39 



graft. Then let the handle of the spoon rest on the side of the bucket — 

 using the bucket as a fulcrum — and by the time the spoon is raised as high 

 ■as the level of the bucket, the wax will begin to run out at the notches, 

 when we turn the graft in once, having a box of sawdust or sand at 

 hand, we give it a turn in it to prevent them from sticking together, and the 

 work is done. We can dress them in this way two or three times as fast 

 as tying with thread, and we get an air- and water-tight joint. In getting , 

 an air-tight joint we need not plant them so deep and use shorter roots 

 which seem to do about as well as long ones. 



We observed this year where grafts were planted shallow they start- 

 ed growing sooner in the spring and made a better growth than where 

 they were planted deep. 



We prepared most all our ground by subsoiling fourteen inches. 

 Then we ])repared some by common plowing, six inches deej), and on 

 the common plowing they have done just as well as those on the sub- 

 soiled ground. 



As the ground is prepared for planting, I would lay the land off in 

 blocks, planting the winter, fall, and summer varieties in blocks by them- 

 selves, leaving avenues crossing the blocks between the winter, summer 

 and fall apples for driving teams thfough to get the trees when dug. 



For marking off the ground for jilanting we use a line stretched 

 across the piece to be planted, using a pair of wooden wheels, say one 

 and a half to two feet in diameter and two or three inches thick with 

 cleats screwed on the rim the distance apart you want the trees to stand 

 in the rows. These wheels are put on to an axletree four feet long, with 

 holes in it so we can slip the wheels and make them any width. We 

 have a tongue attached to this axle, so we can draw it along with one 

 wheel on the line. In this way we mark two rows at a time, and space 

 grafts at the same time. Respectfully, 



H. K. ViCKROY. 

 DISCUSSION ON GRAFTING. 



Mr. Clayton — What was the per cent, of the grafts that lived on 

 the whole. 



Mr. Vickroy — I should think about fifty or sixty per cent. 



Mr. Douglass — What was the cause of the loss ? 



Mr. Vickroy — I think the cause in great part was the dry weather. 



Nelson — How long were the cions used ? 



Mr. Vickroy — From three to four inches. 



Mr. Phenix — You did not try planting at different depths.' 



Mk. Vickroy — Yes, and found that shallow setting did best this year. 



The President — Gentlemen will understand that this year the 

 loss in budding and grafting ha^ been greater than usual, from some 

 cause. 



