208 



TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTHERN 



from the nerveless and thoughtless, that could live in the impure waters, 

 up to man, the climax of creation and the image of God. 



There has been a general agreement among one class of geologists, 

 that there have been at least six classes of animals, and some have 

 named the different formations by these different classes, as: 



Tst. Protozoic, or lowest class. 



2nd. Deutozoic, or next lowest. 



3d. Tritozoic. 



4th. Tetrazoic. 



5 th. Pentazoic. 



6th. Hectazoic, and includes the animals now alive upon the earth. 



These various later formations are classified under other names, as : 

 Transition, 

 Secondary, 

 Tertiary, and 

 Alluvial, which mrludes the surface of the earth. 



The coatings of the earth lying upon the melted center, or igneous 

 or granite, as it is commonly called, is supposed to be from eight to ten 

 miles deep on an average. 



This supposed average is mostly obtained by measuring across the 

 ends of the strata, where they have been thrown up by volcanic 

 action — illustrated by an open book, or the outside coats of an onion burst 

 through from the inside, and then smoothed off by outside friction. 



Near Gardiner, Maine, for two miles, you can walk over the ends of 

 the vertical strata of rocks, which numbering from the center, are alike 

 on both sides. 



SUPPOSE!) THICKNESS OF FORMATIONS OF THE COATS OF THE EARTH. 



Hectozoic, 



Pentaxoic, 



Tetrazoic, 



Trizoic, 



Deutozoic, 



Protozoic, 



Azoic, 



Primitive, 

 Igneous, 



Alluvial and Drift, 

 Tertiary, 

 Cretaceous, 

 Oolite, 

 Triassic, 

 rPermain. 

 J Carboniferous, 

 1 Devonian, 

 \^ Silurian. 

 Graywacke, 

 Clay Slate, 

 Mica Slate, 

 Gneiss, etc. 

 Granite, etc. 

 Syenite, 



Porphyry, Trap, 

 Basalt, Lava, 

 Pumice, etc., of 

 volcanoes. 



KOD.s. 

 12 

 121 



163.6 



54 



fo one mile. 



'r Secondary, one mile. 



Paloezoic, six miles 

 in Eng. 



Crystalline, 

 twenty rods. 



i 



Three thousand nine 

 hundred ninety rniles 

 to Earth's center. 



