153 Wisconsin State Horticultural Society. 



wheat enemies, as from low prices, and by better tillage, 

 more ample fertilization, more than make up for the evils 

 that confront the wheat grower. 



As I do not wish to extend this lecture so long that there 

 will not be time for discussion and questions, I will only re- 

 fer to two new enemies which I know to have camped down 

 upon the Wisconsin apple growers. I refer to the plum 

 gouger, which so gouges your apples that look so gnarled 

 and deformed that one would hardly recognize them as our 

 king of fruits. The other is the apple maggot, which at- 

 tacks fall apples, and upon such fruit is far worse than the 

 codling moth, as the latter does not entirely ruin the fruit 

 which it attacks, as it confines its filthy work close about 

 the core. Several of these maggots may be found in a sin- 

 gle fruit, and they tunnel the apples through and through. 

 Hence, to eat such fruit means to devour a score or less of 

 maggots, which, unless one is on the lookout, he is quite 

 likely to do. The apples do not show the condition of things 

 as do those attacked by the codling moth larva, and so one» 

 unless warned by a previous victim or a less pleasant 

 previous experience, is almost certain to destroy more or less 

 of these insects by a very sure if not a perfectly agreeable 

 method. 



For both these enemies there is no remedy like that of 

 swine in the orchard. Apples attacked by the maggot will 

 almost surely fall, and so, with no pains on the part of the 

 orchardist, the fruit and insects are converted into pork. In 

 case of the gouger I presume the fruit need to be shaken off. 

 I have not been able to study the insect in the field. If so 

 it would pay well to do it. I am greatly in favor of turning 

 hogs in an orchard. If rings are in their noses they do no 

 harm; while they enrich the soil, and become insect-de- 

 stroyers on a grand scale. 



Mr. Witt — If any one who has an orchard can turn his 

 pigs into it and keep them there a few years, he will be 

 entirely free from the gouger and codling moth. I have 

 been free from these for about ten years. 



Meeting adjourned. 



