Discussion. 47 



brings a less price. Now these are cheap rates that they 

 get, but the compensation is better than they ever have for 

 their other work. Four and six tons are^considered a fair 

 amount for an acre. They have their water supply under 

 control so that they can water them. A ton of mission 

 grapes makes about 100 gallons of wine. I^don't know how 

 much the other makes, but it is less. It has not as much 

 juice as in the mission. One hundred and sixty gallons is a 

 fair yield for the mission grape. In passing over the coun- 

 try I constantly met new plantations going into the ground 

 of 80, 100, 200, and occasionally 500 and semi-occasionally a 

 thousand acres in one solid patch of this grape. The price 

 and quality of wine is less in southern than in northern 

 California. In northern California they go into the hills 

 and produce a smaller quantity of fruit but a much finer 

 quality of grapes. The money made in southern California 

 though is as great as in northern California. I visited one 

 wine cellar in California. There was no roof and nothing 

 to protect it from the weather. The wine was stored in tubs. 

 I supposed that wine had to be kept in cellars that were 

 kept at a most even temperature. That idea I soon lost. 

 The cellar is at an even temperature, however. The prices 

 vary from fifty cents to a dollar and a half, according to 

 quality and age, but the price at which it goes to the wine 

 adulteraters at, if you please, is from twenty-five to forty 

 cents a gallon, still affording the wine maker a good price, 

 for he buys his grapes at from a cent to a cent and a half a 

 pound. Their raisins interested me more than anything 

 else. The raisins are made to be exported and they are 

 dried in the sun right in the vineyard. They have cases 

 like our little berry boxes, made of light lumber and of the 

 right size to handle conveniently. They pick a layer of 

 grapes all over this, as many as will lie in handily, and set 

 them right down on the ground, between the rows, and leave 

 them there. At that season they very rarely have rain or 

 dews. They leave them there for eighteen or twenty days 

 and then take another box, empty, and reverse them and 

 leave them for another ten- or fifteen days. Then they are 

 carried and these boxes go into a compact pile in a way that 



