46 Wisconsin State Horticultural Society. 



have reached the thing that pays the most money. The 

 vineyards, a man who had never read about them, would 

 not recognize at all. There are no trellises but only stakes 

 set at a distance of a few feet from each other with ragged 

 stumps from 1^ to 2 feet high, and four inches at the base 

 and ending in three or four points at the top. These vines 

 are cut back every winter to a single bud on these three or 

 four points. They mingle the ends of the branches but I 

 could not see but they can pass through readily. There is 

 no entanglement of the vines. Saw many places where the 

 vines grew within each other but not enough to become 

 tangled. Their labor on these vines is very cheap. Almost 

 any man who can be hired is able to set and trim these 

 plants. Very much of it is done by piece work. Everything 

 is simplified so as to make it cost as little as possible. Of 

 the varieties of grapes grown in southern California the 

 larger part is known as the mission grape and some as the 

 raisin grape. Probably ninety per cent, of all the grapes 

 grown in California go into wine; the other ten per cent, 

 into raisins. The bulk of the grapes that go into wine are 

 gathered and taken to the wine-makers. The mission grapes 

 sell for from one-half to three-quarters of a cent a pound 

 and many times have to have railway carriage. They are 

 piled in just as we pile potatoes into a car and then they 

 are shoveled out into vehicles. At a half a cent a pound a 

 grower can hardly afford to furnish himself with boxes and 

 take care of the grapes. In the northern part of the state 

 they are carried in bushel boxes and in that way are handled 

 in a more workmanlike manner and these grapes bring from 

 a cent to a cent and a half a pound; perhaps on an average 

 not more than a cent a pound. Most of the growers I saw 

 rather furnish mission grapes for from a cent to three-quar- 

 ters of a cent a pound than the other grapes at from a cent 

 to a cent and a half a pound, and they give as a reason that 

 all the mission grapes are ready for picking at one time and 

 the fruit is more accessible. A man will pick about three 

 hundred pounds of the mission grape while he would be 

 picking one hundred pounds of the raisin grapes. They 

 therefore scick to the mission grape notwithstanding it 



