Injurious Insects. 143 



could not possibly bo thrown out. The head of the barrel 

 should be tight so as to prevent waste, with two holes, one 

 for the pipe from the force pump the other for a stirrer. 

 The force pump should be fastened to the barrel, and may- 

 be worked by a crank attachment to the wheels of the 

 wagon. The liquid should be distributed in a fine spray, so 

 that while we use but little we are sure to touch every part 

 of every apple and leaf. The Cyclone nozzle works well, 

 though a new nozzle made and sold by A. H. Nixon, Dayton, 

 Ohio, is by far the best arrangement I have ever seen. By 

 the aid of this, in connection with a good force pump, 

 we need have no fear of imperfect work or failure to effect 

 our purpose. Here let me urge again that this remedy be 

 not deferred too long. One application made before the 

 apples are larger than peas, effects surprising results. Let 

 me further urge that all make use of this remedy. If this 

 lecture should induce yo u — or even the most of you to do 

 so, how good it would be that I came among you. 



But what of the danger of using such virulent poisons on 

 our fruit? Let me say that I have considered that point 

 most fully. I have called in the aid of the microscope and 

 the chemist's re- agents, and both have said: No clanger. I 

 have used fruit thus treated now for seven years and have 

 no fear of poison. When the chemist's delicate tests can 

 find no sign of arsenic, when the sharp eye of the micros- 

 cope sees no trace of the poison, nor can find any trace for 

 weeks before the fruit is to be used. I feel that we may 

 safely use and recommend these arsenites in this warfare. 

 I would not use or recommend white arsenic. In all cases 

 that I have heard of where persons have been poisoned by 

 use of these poisonous insecticides it has been the result of 

 gross carelessness. Many people are born careless and 

 never recover from it. To use white arsenic, which looks 

 so much like many, culinary articles, makes the danger 

 from carelessness far greater. Paris greea and London 

 purple are so distinctive in their color that this alone forms 

 the skull and cross bones that will effectively set danger 

 aside. The danger from pasturing under trees charged 

 with these poiscns is not great, owing to the very dilute 



