236 Wisconsin State Horticultural Society. 



favorite safeguard is to plant the trees in enclosures where 

 pigs and chickens are kept. 



The canker worm where prevalent is terribly destructive 

 but persistent, earnest effort will control them. Syringing- 

 the foliage with a solution of arsenic or London purple is a 

 quick and decisive remedy, but should be used with great 

 care. 



Broad bands of paper or cloth closely fitting the trees, 

 covered with some sticky substance like tar or printer's ink, 

 or collars about the tree in form of a trough, filled with oil 

 are preventives based upon the fact that the female is wing- 

 less, maturing in the ground and crawling up the tree to de- 

 posit her eggs. 



There are two species, similar in appearance and habits, 

 differing in seasoa, one ascending the tree late in fall, the 

 other in early spring, thus making the troughs or bands 

 necessary from October to May. 



Of borers there are two species, the round headed and flat 

 headed, differing little in their work, the former requiring 

 three years to complete its growth, the latter maturing in 

 one season. 



They are most destructive to newly planted trees, or to 

 such older trees, as owing to unthrifty condition or natural 

 habit, have a feeble and rather limited flow of sap. Not- 

 ably the locust, which but for the borers would be a valu- 

 able timber tree for posts, ties, etc., its wood being almost 

 as enduring as red cedar. 



These borers are easily destroyed in their early stages by 

 carefully examining the south and southwest sides of newly 

 planted trees. The castings, or dark brown spots on the 

 bark will betray them and they must be cut out or their 

 holes opened and probed with a flexible wire to kill them. 



The perfect insect of the round head is a pretty little 

 beetle three-quarters of an inch long, light brown, with a 

 creamy white stripe the whole length of each wing, noc- 

 turnal in habit. The other is smaller, very active, a dark 

 metallic color and prefers the warm sunshine. 



An excellent preventive is to protect all newly planted 

 trees with straw or any other material that will shade, tied 



