8 LINDSAY, ON POLYMORPHISM IN LICHENS. 



V. Genus Lecanora : 



L. varia, especially var. aitema, L. subfusca, L. atra, 



L. Ehrhartiana ; Pycnidia ', and two or more 



forms of Spermogonia. 

 L. umbrina. Pycnidia. 

 L. cerina. Two or more forms of Spermogonia. 



Further, in the genus Strigula, Spermogonia, Pycnidia, 

 and Apothecia occur together, or Pycnidia alone ; in Graphis 

 scripta, Pycnidia, two or more forms ; in Stigmatidium 

 crassum, Trachylia tigillaris, and Roccella Montagnei, two or 

 more forms of Spermogonia ; in Parmelia sinuosa, and P. 

 saxatilis, var. sulcata^ Spermogonia and Pycnidia ; in Alec- 

 toria jubata, Pycnidia ; in A. lata, Spermogonia with Sper- 

 matia and Sterigmata of the character of those of Ramalina ; 

 in Scutula Wallrothii, Pycnidia and Spermogonia ; in 

 Abrothallus, Pycnidia, and Spermogonia; in Neuropogon me- 

 laxanthus var. ciliatus ; two sizes of Spermatia — full and 

 half-sized. 



Of some of these observations, the details have been already 

 published in various .memoirs in the ' Transactions ' or * Pro- 

 ceedings ' of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, of the Linnean 

 Society of London, or in the ' Quart. Journ. of Mic. Sci. ;'* 

 of the remainder the details will be given probably in a 

 ' Memoir on the Spermogonia and Pycnidia of the Lower 

 Lichens," now in course of preparation. 



The few lichenologists, to whom these organs are familiar, 

 describe Pycnidia as rare in Lichens — as occurring excep- 

 tionally only in a few cases — while Spermogonia are most 

 abundant. But such a statement arises, I believe, mainly 

 from the circumstance that Lichen-Pycnidia have not been 

 made the subject of special research. Among the higher 

 lichens they are undoubtedly, in my own experience, compa- 

 ratively uncommon ; but among the lower lichens they are, 

 on the contrary, comjjaratively abundant, sometimes nearly 

 as much so as the Spermogonia. In those genera and species, 

 whose secondary reproductive organs are represented by the 

 pseudo-genus Pyrenothea, I have found Pycnidia to Spermo- 



* ' Transactions of the Rojal Society of Edinburgh,' vol. xxii, p. 101, 

 " Spermogonia and Pycnidia of the Higher Liclieiis ;" vol. xxiv, p. 407, 

 " New Zealand Lichens and Fungi." ' JProceedings of the Royal Society of 

 Edinburgh,' vol. iv, p. 174, " Spermogonia and Pycnidia of the Higher 

 Lichens." * Transactions of the Linnean Society,' vol. xxv, p. 493, " New 

 Zealand Lichens." 'Journal of the Linnean Society,' vol. ix, p. 268, 

 "Arthonia melaspermella." 'Quart. Journ. Mic. Sci.,' January, 1857, 

 " Abrotlialius." 



