48 QUARTERLY CHRONICLE. 



paper he gives a brief summary of some of his resiiUs, more 

 especially criticising the statements lately put forAvard by 

 M. de Quatrefages in his volumes on the natural history of 

 the Annelids. He pays a high tribute to Delle Chiaje, for 

 he remarks, " In every page in the course of this memoir I 

 shall have to bring Delle Chiaje out of the undeserved 

 obscurity in -which he has too often remained immersed, and 

 to show him shining in the fron-t rank. I hope I shall not 

 be accused of partiality in his favour. If I often leave his 

 errors, Avhich, I admit, are numerous, in obliv'ion, it is be- 

 cause they have no influence on the progress of science." 

 M. Claparede is very severe on M. de Quatrefages for 

 neglecting the bibliography of his subject, and for not fully 

 verifying references, &c., and he also condemns (as we had 

 occasion to do) the numerous new species which he has made 

 from specimens preserved in spirit in the Paris museum. In 

 the present sketch of his own work, M. Claparede gives a 

 running comment on the 'Histoire Naturelle des Anneles,' 

 and discusses various points in their order of treatment in 

 that work. We ca:r here notice only one or two points. 

 The integument is described by Professor Claparede as com- 

 posed of two layers — one internal and cellular (corium, 

 Eathke), corresjionding with the subcuticular or chiti- 

 nogenous layer of the other articulata ; the other extra- 

 cellular, the cuticle (^epidermis, Rathke), sometimes very 

 delicate, and sometimes composed of a thick layer of chitin. 

 Kolliker is the author who has studied the integuments 

 carefully, but his observations are not mentioned by de 

 Quatrefages. The cells of the hypodermis are often not 

 well defined, but present scattered nuclei in a granular 

 stratum, as has been seen in some Arthropoda. The cuticle 

 when thick presents a double series of stripe crossing at right 

 angles , which have been Avell observed by Kolliker. The 

 tubular pores which perforate the integument, Avhen they 

 exist, are distributed in lines congruent Avith these striae. 

 Kolliker doubted whether these pores should be compared to 

 the tubular pores (Porenkanale) of the Arthropoda, or 

 whether they were the apertures of cutaneous glands, such as 

 those described by Leydig in the Piscicolre, or, again, might 

 they represent the har is of insects and Crustacea ? Claparede 

 states that the two categories of pores exist in Annelida, and 

 he has described them minutelv in Eunice — both larcire 

 glandular pores few and scattered, and minute numerous 

 canal-pores. In the subcuticular layer exist glandular folli- 

 cles in all parts of the worm, discharging themselves out- 

 wards by the large scattered granular pores ; some of these 



