THE LACHRYMAL GLANDS. 



263 



by twenty-four hours in chromic acid j'j per cent., and 

 bichromate of potash -p^y per cent. (PHueger). I liave found 

 the last two methods of Pflueger the most useful, and all 

 the results laid down herein are obtained by this process. If 

 the glands are examined by any other method but macera- 

 tion the star-like cells are only partly, or not all, seen. 



What now appears in the preparation by means of 

 maceration in a solution of iodine is the peculiar form of 

 epithelium, the cells of which swim about in the liquid, 

 either singly or t^vo or three together. I must agree with 

 Pflueger, as against Giannuzzi, that they all show a distinct 

 nucleus. Also, the cell itself is very rarely simply round 

 or polygonal, but mostly breaks out into one or more projec- 

 tions. The projecting forms are peculiary numerous. 



Besides the epithelium here noted, all other glands that 1 

 have examined by this method have shown the star-like cells, 

 so that I must note it as being a constant appearance. These 

 cells show generally a granular nucleus without nucleoli, 

 which comes out more clearly by the addition of acetic acid. 

 The cell-substance is not true granular protoplasma, but 

 ap])ears to be more homogeneous, soft, pale, and shows a 

 feeble but clear striping in the direction of the outshooting 

 projections. Only in the substance immediately surrounding 

 the nucleus can a fine granulation be seen. The delicate, 

 nearly transparent, smooth projections show the longitudinal 

 striae the most clearly. The form and size of the real cell- 

 body, the number of projections, and their more or less 

 secondary division and branching, present numerous varia- 

 tions. I only need draw attention to fig. 2, where different 

 forms are represented from the lacrhymal gland of a calf. 

 The species of animal in which they are found also gives 



