178 Wisconsin State Horticultubal Society. 



ful observation was taken the red raspberry would be found to 

 come in first. 



Mr. Dore said he had tried to raise tame blackberries and had 

 failed in every attempt, and with a number of varieties. When 

 the fires are kept out of the clearings and the season is favorable, 

 there is an abundance of wild berries all around his home, but 

 he never could raise any cultivated berries; they killed down 

 every winter. 



Mr. Smith thought that he would succeed in raising them if 

 protected in the winter. 



Mr. Dore asked why they should require protection, when the 

 wild bushes did not, yet were seldom if ever killed down by the 

 winter. 



Mr. Harris could easily account for the raspberries and black- 

 berries coming in when the forests were cleared off; the birds are 

 continually carrying those seeds into the forests. They go out 

 and feed on the berries and then go back to the timber in the 

 heat of the day, dropping the seeds, and when the trees are cut 

 off and the light and heat are let in, these seeds spring up. He 

 was not sure that the red raspberry made its appearance first, 

 but if so, it was probably owing to the fact that the seeds of this 

 variety germinated quicker after the light was let in, and they 

 would grow more readily with less heat and more moisture. 



Hon. A. A. Arnold alluded to the theory of Judge Knapp, a 

 former efiicient member of the society, but now a resident of 

 ^Florida, that a change of climate or local conditions caused one 

 variety of plants to die out and another to come in. The idea of 

 Judge Knapp was that "there were cycles in which certain plants 

 and animals would flourish; as these pass one race or variety 

 would disappear and another come in." We have animals in ex- 

 istence now that were once unknown here, and those that lived 

 here formerly are now extinct. The same fact is seen in the 

 wheat crop. We cannot raise wheat here now as we could years 

 ago, and we cannot tell why. We see that the same is true in 

 other countries, and that after desisting from sowing wheat for a 

 few years, the seasons, the climate or the soil or something else, 

 are changed, and wheat can be profitably raised again. Some 



