100 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [fEB. 29, 



stratified layers of sand and clay. At the shore line the base of the 

 bluff is nearly always masked by a talus of material which has 

 fallen from above. This is only washed away in very heavy storms 

 or high tides, and then there may be, for a brief period, a sheer face 

 exposed from summit to base. This was the case last autumn, and 

 I then found the concretions in place in a hard red or buff-colored 

 clay, immediately at the shore level, apparently an outcrop of a larger 

 mass beneath. The clay was evidently colored by the iron from the 

 red bowlder drift. All of these concretions were lying flat in the 

 plane of the bedding, and were evidently formed in the strata where 

 found. Indeed, similar concretions may be seen in process of for- 

 mation there at the present time. None showed any indications of 

 glaciation, although similar ones glaciated, but without any traces 

 of organic remains in them, were more or less plentiful in the 

 bowlder drift. A lenticular mass of buff and blue-colored clay was 

 found included in the irregularly stratified material above, and in 

 this there was more or less lignite and pyrite. This mass was 

 apparently cretaceous material which had been scooped up, trans- 

 ported, and deposited intact, in the same way as it may be seen in 

 layers and masses, inclosed in the bowlder drift overlying the 

 " kaolin" beds at Kreischerville. 



At Prince's Bay the conditions are practically the same as at 

 Tottenville, except that the bluff is about seventy-five feet high. 

 Clay outcrops on the shore, and is occasionally exposed by the 

 washing away of the shingle. A heavy stone wall has been built 

 along the shore in order to protect the light-house property from 

 the inroads of the waters, inside which a deep talus has formed which 

 extends far up the face of the bluff, completely hiding it from view 

 to a distance of at least half its height. The summit is capped with 

 bowlder drift, and beneath this, as far as can be seen, there is 

 assorted material consisting of sandy clay, sand, and gravel, showing 

 an unmistakable inclination towards the northwest. Much of this 

 material is evidentl}' pre-glacial or yellovv drift, as it contains nume- 

 rous silicified fossils characteristic of that formation, and the accom- 

 panying sand and sandy clay is probably cretaceous. The occurrence 

 of this material in the bluff was first noted by Dr. Britton (Proc. Nat. 

 Sci. Assn. S. I. Nov. 8th, 1884), who ascribed its presence there 

 to glacial transportation eri masse. This view is emphasized very 

 strongly, if we consider the topography and geological structure of 

 the island in what was the direction of glacial movement. A sec- 

 tion in this direction (about N. 17 deg. W.*) from the Prince's 

 Bay bluff shows a gradual slope from the top of the bluff for a dis- 

 tance of about seven hundred feet until it reaches tide level in a 

 broad marsh, after which the land rises into rounded morainal bills 



* TliP actual direction of tlie glacial strise varies somewhat at (iifferent parts 

 of the island. The extremes thus far observed are N. 13 deg. W., and N. 20 

 deg. W. As no striiB are availabh; at Prince's Bay the above is assumed as 

 an average from the extremes noted. 



