Oixidaiion of the Vertehraia. 147 



and that their development is markedly varying, renders this 

 a most highly indicative item. Attention should be given to 

 longitudinal bands as well as transverse. 



{d) The parts of a ganglion, especially of the larger, have dif- 

 ferent degrees of develoi3ment, and if, as many believe, the 

 different parts have different functions, the relative size of 

 each must be indicative, and, whether functional differences 

 are conceded or not, inductive study shows it to be true at 

 least in a general sense. The anterior lobe of the cerebrum is 

 much more developed in man than in the apes or any of the 

 higher mammals, and in these, than in the lower orders. The 

 posterior lobe, as such, does not appear at all except in the 

 highest mammals. Similar significant facts are presented by 

 the other lobes of the cerebrum and by those of the cerebel- 

 lum. The development of the anterior, upper, and posterior 

 parts of the cerebrum especially indicate high rank. This is 

 intimately associated with and in a measure determines the 

 form of the parts which, however, is thought worthy of being 

 considered under a separate head. 



1th. Absolute size. 



Given two animals, alike in every other respect, the one that 

 possesses the greatest nervous mass must rank the higher. Size 

 is one measure of power. Prof. Dana in his articles on "Ce- 

 phalization " has given to a somewhat different application of 

 this principle, the importance it merits, and which seem to have 

 been overlooked or disregarded by other systematists. 



Qth. Form of the parts, especially of the cerebrum. 



The attention that has been paid to the form of the skull by 

 ethnologists, indicates the value of this point ; but a higher 

 value, the author believes, attaches to the form of the brain 

 itself than to its representative, the skull. The deductions of 

 ethnologists fi*om the form of the skull, however, must be 

 accepted in general, when applied to the brain itself. What- 



