THE DRASSID^E 



15 



THE GENUS CLUBIONA 



These spiders are all pale and most of them without mark- 

 ings. The eyes are close to the front edge of the head and 

 cover more than half its width (figs. 50, 54, 56). The upper 

 row is longer and the eyes larger and the middle pair farthest 

 apart. The distance between 

 this pair varies according to the 

 species. In crassipalpis and 

 canadensis it is little more than 

 that between the middle and 

 lateral eyes, while in rubra it 

 is nearly twice as great. The 

 mandibles of the females are 

 swelled at the base in front, 

 and this swelling is greatest in 

 canadensis (fig. 55). The man- 

 dibles of the males are longer 

 and are shaped in a variety of 

 ways according to the species. 

 The shape of the epigynum is 

 indistinct and variable, and fe- 

 males of different species are 

 difficult to distinguish. The 

 females of ornata and excepta 

 are known by their markings 

 and those of rubra by their size 

 and resemblance to the male. 

 The females of crassipalpis and tibialis are doubtful. The palpal 

 organs and male palpi are of great variety and distinguish the 

 males of all species without much difficulty. 



The Clubionas live in flat tubes of silk on leaves of low 

 plants in summer and under bark and stones at all seasons. 



Fig. 48. Female Clubiona crassipalpis, 

 enlarged four times. 



