Trans. \. Y. Ac. Sci. 18 Oct. 31. 



At one point the gray bed lies between beds of sandstone ; the red 

 bed does not appear, and the underlying sandstone strata are almost 

 white, laminated, and very hard. The bed is more than two miles 

 distant from the gypsum hills ; the gravel drift is noticeable and even 

 abundant. Observing the nuggets of copper ore and the drift pebbles 

 lying about in places on the red bed, the idea forced itself upon me that 

 there might be a remote connection between the two. However, the 

 nuggets of ore are evidently concretions, and no pebbles occur in the 

 gray bed. The gypsum range extends several miles across, with a 

 western declivity similar to that on the eastern side. A plain, a little 

 over one hundred feet below, reaches beyond to the foot of the great 

 Llano Estacado. On these hills and on this western plain the gravel 

 drift is wanting. 



The copper bed was traced five miles further to the north : also in 

 Knox county, not far from the Wichita river, and forty miles or more 

 north of the southern portion of Haskell county : its occurrence 

 was also reported north of the Wichita river. The copper band 

 here lies between the sandstone and gray bed, with the ted beds 

 beneath. Eastward, between the Brazos and Wichita rivers, the gravel 

 drift is abundant, with many stones of greater diameter. At the " Nar- 

 rows," between the Wichita and Brazos rivers, the width is only suffi- 

 cient to admit the passage of a single wagon. Continued caving in of 

 the bluffs of the two rivers has widened an immense eroded area, 

 rendering a large surface valueless, and while the channels of the rivers 

 are several miles apart, their junction is only a question of time. In 

 the copper region of the little Wichita river, near the centre of Archer 

 county, the ore occurs under the same general conditions, with a differ- 

 ent course, N. E. and S. W., and copper nuggets, coal and cuprified 

 wood are found. 



Embedded in the overlying sands' one, in some instances several feet 

 above the gray bed, the sandstone frequently attains a thickness of 

 more than fifteen feet. The cuprified wood is altogether different from 

 that of Haskell county, and resembles the wood of the mesquite tree, 

 which I found scattered about. The gravel drift here is identical in 

 character yvith that of the region further west, and pebbles occur in the 

 gray copper-bearing bed beneath the sandstone. The extension of the 

 gravel drift of Haskell county, beyond the Brazos river system, its 

 absence west of the gypsum hills, the larger size of the pebbles in 

 Knox county, bordering the Wichita river, and the occurrence of the 

 drift only in the vicinity of the copper-bearing lines mentioned, and in 

 Archer county, suggested to me a possible relationship of some kind 

 between the two, perhaps their origination in the same region. Be- 

 tween the Wichita and Pease Rivers I crossed several copper-bearing 



