Trans. N. V. Ac. Set. /-6 Dec. 4, 



two, three, four and five-stories high. Its water-works cost one hundred 

 and fifty thousand dollars. All this has been done since i860, when it 

 did not contain forty houses. 



I saw in the market-place of Borislau women, standing ankle deep in 

 the mud, selling vegetables. One woman really had to build a platform 

 of straw, on which to place a bushel of potatoes ; if the straw founda- 

 tion had not been there, the potatoes would have sunk out of sight. 

 Borislau is three miles from Drohobich, a city of thirty thousand inhabi- 

 tants ; between the two places, in wet weather, the road was impassa- 

 ble. For a third of the way, it was in the bed of the creek ; and I had 

 to wait a day for the water to fall so as to navigate it in a wagon. On 

 enquiring why they did not improve the road, I found the same diffi- 

 culty as the Arkansas settler encountered with his leaky roof ; when it 

 rained he could not repair it, and when it was dry it did not need repair : 

 so with the road to Borislau. 



Ozokerite (from the Greek words, "Ozein," to smell and " Keros," 

 wax), is found in Turkistan, East of the Caspian Sea — in the Cauca- 

 sian Mountains, in Russia — in the Carpathian Mountains, in Austria — 

 in the Appenines, in Italy — in Texas, California, and in the Wasatch 

 Mountains, in the United States. Commercially, it is not worked any- 

 where but in Austria ; although, I believe, we have in Utah a larger 

 deposit than in any other place. I made two journeys to examine the 

 deposits in the Wasatch Mountains. For a distance of forty miles, it 

 crops out in many places, and on the Minnie Maud, a stream empty- 

 ing into the Colorado, I found a strata, of sand-rock, from ten to twelve 

 feet thick, filled with ozokerite. 



No systematic effort has been made to ascertain the quantity of 

 ozokerite in Utah. I saw a drift of some fourteen feet, at one place, 

 and a shaft twenty-three feet deep, at another. In this shaft, the vein 

 was about ten inches wide ; and it could be traced along the slope of 

 the hill, for several hundred feet. The largest vein of pure ozokerite 

 is seen on Soldiers' fork of Spanish Cafion, which enters Salt Lake 

 Valley near the town of Provo. This vein is very much like the 

 ozokerite of Austria, and contains between thirty and forty per cent, of 

 white ceresin (which resembles bleached beeswax), about thirty per 

 cent, of yellow ceresin (which resembles yellow wax), and twenty per 

 cent, of black petroleum ; the residue is dirt. Dr. J. S. Newberry, of 

 Columbia College, and Prof. S. B. Newberry, of Cornell University, 

 made examinations of the ozokerite found in Utah ; those who are 

 interested in the subject will find the papers published in the Engineer- 

 ing and Mining Jotirnal for the year 1879. 



A deposit of white ozokerite occurs on the top of the Apennine 

 Mountains, in Italy, of which a specimen is here exhibited. An interest- 



