Trans. N. Y. Ac. Sci. 26 • Nov. 19, 



fraction of one per cent., — as the cutting was about 600 feet long, 30 

 feet high, 15 feet wide below, and with sides sloping at an angle of 

 23°. A very large number of the pebbles and all the large boulders 

 were thoroughly scratched and planed, sometimes with grooves a 

 quarter of an inch in depth. 



The mass appears to consist of materials swept down from the lay- 

 ers of till which covered the hillsides, and partly sorted and stratified 

 by the floods which marked the beginning of the Champlain age. The 

 locality seems to record two facts of interest : 



1st. The rarity of Adirondack and other foreign material from the 

 north in the deposits transported by ice-action through the Mamakat- 

 ing valley.* 



2d. The occasional accumulation of glaciated till material in a 

 mass of remarkable form, which suggests that of the terminal moraine 

 of some small local glacier flowing southeastward from the high lands 

 of the centre of the State. 



The locality on the crest of the Range, at which I have had oppor- 

 tunity to study the phenomena of glaciation, is the well-known place of 

 resort, Sam's Point. The stratum of conglomerate here is, perhaps, 

 100 feet thick, coarse toward the bottom, and passing upward into a 

 coarse to fine white sandstone or grit, several yards in thickness, with 

 gravel interspersed irregularly and in a few thin layers. The rock 

 when altered consists of flat (perhaps flattened ?) pebbles of white 

 quartz, generally from a half to two inches in diameter, in a small 

 quantity of greenish-white cement ; the latter is ready to oxidize, and 

 many parts of the weathered faces of the rock and of its joint surfaces 

 thus assume a bright brick-red color, or sometimes brownish-yellow. 

 The stratum overlies another of the Hudson River shales, and both are 

 nearly horizontal in position, sometimes showing a dip of a few de- 

 grees to the northward. The upper surface of the stratum thus forms 

 a long table-like plateau, whose surface is generally dry and covered 

 by a thick growth of low shrubs, huckleberry, scrub-oak, etc. ,t but 

 marshy in many places. Not far to the north of the Point is a lake 

 half a mile in length, partly occupied by grasses and white pond-lilies, 

 and surrounded by a marsh. In passing over the surface, outcrops of 

 overlapping conglomerate layers are constantly met with, and every- 

 where afford a record of the glaciation, in grooved, striated, and even 

 finely polished surfaces. Along the edges of these outcrops and of the 

 escarpment these glaciated surfaces have been largely eroded and 

 effaced by a process of weathering which has scooped out rows and 



* However, these materials must sometimes occur, since Mr. J. V. Morrison, of Wurtsboro', 

 has found feldspar and mica in the drift of that vicinity. 



t .See notes on the Flora of Sam's Point, Bull. Torrey n. Club, Vol. .\., page I2i. 



