DAIRYING IX EUROPE AND AMERICA. 79 



the furtherance of the dair3'ing interest we cannot say ; but 

 although the amount is not large, the means furnished by the 

 Danish Agricultural Department for indirect instruction and 

 help are very considerable for so small a country. This fact 

 was strongly impressed upon us at the National Exhibition at 

 Aalborg five years ago, when, as we fully stated in the Field at 

 the time, the most complete means which ingenuity could devise 

 were adopted in the exhibition of butter, and in the method of 

 showing the faiTaers how to improve their herds, their feedmg, 

 and the dair}^ goods they produced. 



The system adopted in the education of young people upon 

 the best Danish dairy farms in many respects resembles that 

 which the French Government conducts at its farm schools, and 

 the Germans in connection with their dairy farm schools. 

 Pupils remain for periods of from six months to two years; they 

 pay small fees, varying from £3 to £5 a year, and work both in 

 the dairy and on the farm as hired servants. In some cases, 

 however, higher fees are paid by young men and women of better 

 position; and upon farms where both classes are taken, the latter 

 take their meals at the farmer's table, which is not always the case 

 with the former. We have had the great advantage of inspect- 

 ing, among others, two farms which well represent the system of 

 practical teaching of young men and young women respectively. 

 The tirst was the farm of Elkjaeer in Jutland, the property of 

 Mr Harold Branth. Here there were 160 cows and 20 pupils 

 or apprentices, who do almost the whole work of the farm, and 

 who are taught their duties in the best possible manner, being 

 required to keep record-books, which are inspected weekly, and 

 which quickly show, when compared with the results of the 

 pupil's work, whether he has done his duty or not. Full details 

 of this farm school, and of the farm school of Mrs Hannah 

 Neilsen at Harvartigaard, may be found in our book, British 

 Dairy Farming. Upon our ^isit to Mrs Xeilsen we found ten 

 young women engaged in cheese-making, each taking her turn 

 at the work under the personal direction of the farmer's wife, 

 — as Mrs Xeilsen is, — the dairy being her especial charge. The 

 Danes have the advantage of the advice of some of the best 

 living dairy scientists — Professor Segelcke, who told us that he 

 had studied at Rothamsted ; and Dr Fjord, who is continually 

 educating the Danish dairy farmer through the medium of the 

 experiments which he is enabled to make in their interest. 



For details connected with the following schools we owe 

 thanks to Mr H. C. Petersen, of Danish separator fame, who 

 personally WTote to the directors for information ; to Mr Axel 

 Malmquist, and to Sorensen Brothers of Long Lane, London, 

 who were among the Danish butter pioneers in our markets, 

 and who gave us most valuable assistance in some very difficult 



