78 EDUCATION IN DAIRY FARMING, AND 



Stock-raising is conducted to a considerable extent in Hun- 

 gary. The various breeds of cows average about 1000 lbs. in 

 weight, and the yield of milk contains from 3'50 to 6 per cent, 

 of butter. It has of late j^ears been ascertained that dairying 

 is the most profitable branch of stock-keeping, and cows have 

 consequently been increased to a large extent, the present 

 number being about 2,000,000, in addition to some 90,000 

 buffaloes. Experiments with regard to the improvement of 

 cattle for milk production have of late been made with the 

 assistance of the Government, which has provided grants and 

 afforded means of instruction in various ways. It has also 

 established model breeding farms upon State property in various 

 districts, some of which it manages. In this way the most 

 suitable kinds of stock are produced for the benefit of the 

 farmers. In all there are 76 of these farms, in one of which 

 alone there are 400 bulls. Cheese and butter is made in Hun- 

 gary to a much larger extent than formerly. 



Denmark. 



Although Denmark is known as one of the countries which 

 have taken the lead in dairy education, it is a striking fact, 

 borne out by our personal investigations on the spot, and 

 by the voluminous details we have received, that there are no 

 large, no expensively-conducted schools, no high salaries to 

 officials, and no heavy grants made by Government. As in 

 Sweden, Norway, and Germany, it is found that a great deal 

 can be done with a very little money in the way of plain prac- 

 tical instruction, which is the kind of teaching to be found, not 

 only at the few public schools we are about to describe, but 

 at the many farms throughout the whole of Denmark, which 

 accept pupils upon the recommendation of the agricultural 

 authorities. Some time ago we stated, in the Manchester 

 Guardian, that we could find no properly qualified person in 

 England willing to accept a payment of £150 for teaching 

 cheese-making in Scotland during the months of the present 

 summer. The remark elicited a response from an officious 

 factory man, who declared that no such salaries were yet offered 

 as would induce competent men to undertake these duties. 

 Undoubtedly, while foreigners are willing to undertake work of 

 this nature at low wages, Englishmen, who only know half as 

 much, require very high payment ; but the time is now coming 

 when the industrial classes will be trained in England also to 

 undertake the very agreeable labour of the dairy and the cheese 

 factorv. 



Mr Jenkins, in his report on technical instruction, stated that 

 £11,000 per annum was devoted to the promotion of agriculture 

 in Denmark. How much of this sum finds its way directly for 



