76 education in dairy farming, and 



Hungary. 



The dairy inspection department of Hungary was established 

 in 1883, as a branch of the Ministry for Agriculture and Com- 

 merce, and we are indebted for the following details to Mr 

 Edward Egan (who is descended from a family which went 

 over from England at the end of last century), the chief of the 

 department, for most of the following details : — The duties of 

 this department are — (1) To urge farmers to keep dairy cattle 

 instead of, as hitherto, chiefly oxen — to encourage private dairy- 

 ing and dairy enterprise ; (2) to support existing dairy farms 

 and dairy associations ; (3) to provide outlets for the butter and 

 cheese produced ; (4) to introduce a practical system of Alpine 

 dairy husbandry in the mountainous parts of the country ; (5) 

 to organise technical dairy instruction ; (6) to found a national 

 dairy literature ; (7) to promote the rearing of dairy cattle in 

 those parts of the country where suitable breeds exist ; (8) to 

 develop the utilisation of sheep and buffalo milk ; (9) to assist 

 foreigners in establishing dairy farms and dairy enterprises ; (10) 

 to organise police inspection of the milk trade in cities; (11) to 

 encourage the home manufacture of dairy machinery and ap- 

 pliances ; (12) to procure special State assistance and protection 

 in the interests of dairying; (13) to develop self-help in connec- 

 tion with dairying. 



The following results may be mentioned : — (1) Daring the 

 first three years of its existence the department induced 2G8 

 farmers to take up dairying. In the same space of time twelve 

 large dairy associations were formed through its efforts ; these 

 associations handle the milk of 6000 cows, 4000 sheep, and 200 

 buffaloes. The farmers who formed these associations contri- 

 buted 335,844 fls. (£33,500), while their annual turnover amounts 

 to 666,487 fls. (£66,500). The money invested in the same 

 period by the farmers for dairy purposes, owing directly to the 

 efforts of the department, exceeds 1,000,000 fls. (£100,000); 

 while the investments for dairy purposes, due to the examples 

 thus created, and therefore indirectly due to the action of the 

 department, amount to two or three times as much. (2) The 

 department is the centre of dairying activity throughout the 

 country, and all interested in dairy undertakings turn to it for 

 advice and help. (3) To facilitate the trade in butter and 

 cheese, a central depot was established at Buda Pesth in January 

 1887 through the efforts of the department, under the title of 

 the Farmers' Dairy Supply Association. (4) At various points 

 on the Carpathians, model Alpine farms have been erected. (5) 

 Yearly courses of instruction are given — (a) in cow-keeping, 

 (6) in cheese and butter making, (c) in the management of 

 dairy establishments. Special courses are given in Alpine hus- 

 bandry. The instruction is practical as well as theoretical. (6) 



