DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 27 



but £20 per amium is charged for board ; in some cases, how- 

 ever, the pupils have received purses either from the State or 

 the Department. For one reason the director believes that the 

 number of pupils will never be considerable, and this is that the 

 farmers chiefly interested have not even the small means at 

 their command which would enable them to pay the very 

 moderate charges of the school, nor do they yet sufficiently 

 understand the great necessity of agricultural instruction. It is 

 for these reasons that the Department provide so many scholar- 

 ships or purses. Every pupil upon leaving receives a diploma 

 if he passes his examinations. Some of the pujDils become farm 

 bailiffs, others chief dairymen or cheese instructors, and others 

 again pass to superior schools, and become teachers in their 

 turn. The 'personnel includes a director, a professor of dairy 

 farming, a professor of agricultural science, a veterinary surgeon, 

 two instructors who teach mathematics and French, a farm 

 bailiff, and a gardener. The dairy school is now only in its 

 third year, the establishment having originally been a farm 

 school only. The du'ector accepts day pupils and externes, as 

 well as boarders ; these two classes pay £10 and £2 each respec- 

 tively. The system of instruction in detail and of control is 

 identical with that which has been referred to in the schools 

 above mentioned. The school is provided with admirable class 

 rooms, a chemical and other laboratories, collections of instru- 

 ments and objects of interest to dairy farming, and a library. 

 Among other introductions the director has instituted the use 

 of metal cheese-moulds instead of moulds of wood, which appear 

 to have had much influence upon the odour of the cheese of the 

 district. He has also immensely assisted farmers by teaching 

 the use of the rennet of commerce, instead of that prepared by 

 them on twenty different plans. Already the dairy industry 

 of the Vosges has been totally changed, and in view of this fact 

 the French will undoubtedly multiply the dairy schools which 

 they have commenced to organise. The land attached to the 

 school comprises 40 acres of irrigated meadow and 12i acres of 

 ploughed land. 



Coigny Dairy School. 



The dairy school of the Department of La Manche was 

 opened in August 1886, by order of the Minister of Agricul- 

 ture. It is intended to prepare teachers to give advanced 

 instruction to farmers in general, and to young people destined 

 for an agricultural career, with special reference to the dairy 

 industry. The establishment occupies the spacious buildings 

 of the farm of Vieuxchateau ; there are capital class-rooms, 

 dining-rooms, dormitories, and other requirements, especially 

 as regards health and light. Upon the farm attached to the 



