DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 



59 



The empire of Germany, like Switzerland, is composed of 

 federated states, which are sovereigns in agricultural matters, 

 and the writer, like ourselves, failed in consequence to obtain 

 full details of the imperial grants made by the central German 

 Government. So far as the Swiss Government itself is concerned, 

 it makes its grants under a moral obligation, for it receives no 

 direct taxes which could be judiciously employed in such pay- 

 ments. The Government pays to the Federal School at Zurich 

 45,000 francs (£1800) per annum, and it offered a further sum 

 of £400 for additional instruction in the dairy and some sub- 

 sidiary industries. The two schools of Rlitti and Strickhof 

 receive from the cantons of Berne and Zurich each £880, while 

 the Confederation proposed to grant £1000 for these and one 

 other school, and a similar sum for winter schools, special 

 instruction, and itinerant lectures. For the installation of the 

 dairy school at Riitti 10,000 francs were granted, with annual 

 subventions of £120. The same sums were proposed for two 

 other schools ; for the experiment station 18,000 francs per 

 annum is granted, while a proposition made in the message was 

 that 100,000 francs (£4000) should be granted for the improve- 

 ment of the soil. 



We have referred thus far to this voluminous report inas- 

 much as in Switzerland almost everything tends to assist the 

 dairy, excepting where in some cantons the vine is the leading 

 industry. The next thing in the report are the sums paid by 

 each canton for agricultural improvement. Zurich expended 

 £2400, Berne £1520, including a grant to the Swiss dairy 

 station, besides which £42 was granted to the Society of Public 

 Utility for a course of instruction in cheese-making. The 

 majority of the other cantons spent much smaller sums, but 

 among them grants were made for dairy instruction in some 

 form by the cantons of Zug, Fribourg, Bale, Schaffhouse, Ap- 

 penzell, Grisons, Argovie, and Vaud. The last named recom- 

 mended the establishment of a dairy school in their canton, 

 while the Swiss Agricultural Society declared that a dairy 

 station should be maintained in French Switzerland. 



We extract the following notes from a " Federal Order con- 



