DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA, 53 



sho-wTi how to make cheese worth 8d. per kilo of 2^ lbs. The 

 students are required to keep note-books showing full details 

 of their work, and especially of what takes place among the 

 cattle, gi'v'ing the weights of the rations, and dates of the birth 

 of calves, &c. They also provide the director with a weekly 

 report of their proceedings. It is a noteworthy fact that the 

 staff pay more regard to the in- than the out-students. 



We find that the money spent during four years for books, 

 appliances, models, &c. has been nearly 14,000 lire (£560), and 

 it appears that money is regularly saved from the yearly grants 

 for this purpose, the amount being divided between the chemical, 

 the physiological, and the zootechny collections. The course of 

 study is altered or improved yearly, and the director desires 

 that more time should be given to the study of obstetrics, as 

 well as to scientific feeding. 



From one of the tables of examinations, we find that of 74 

 pupils, 32 were sons of small proprietor farmers, 19 were 

 sons of farmers or agents, 12 were sons of professional men, 

 and 11 of business men. The great majority are successful in 

 obtaining their diploma, chiefly because they must have a 

 knowledge of the subject before entrance, and because they 

 have, from a liking of their work, adapted themselves specially 

 to receive information. As a general rule, it is found that the 

 superior scholars, who are younger, are beaten by inferiors who 

 are older, for this very reason, that they have not such a taste 

 for the course of study they are required to pass through. The 

 students are found easy to manage, because they are always 

 under surveillance, but when cases of bad conduct occur, it is 

 generally the younger students who are in fault. Purses are 

 given yearly, but are forfeited for bad conduct, and this has an 

 important bearing upon the maintenance of discipline. 



Examinations take place at the end of six and twelve months, 

 and unsuccessful candidates are unable to go up again for 

 certificates. The examinations are verbal as well as in writing. 

 Of 24 who succeeded out of 32, 15 are now engaged as directors 

 of important dairies in different provinces, three are in the army, 

 five are assisting their fathers, and one has attained a high 

 position. The director of the school usually has more applica- 

 tions for assistance than he can provide. 



The influence of the school upon the well-known dairy farm- 

 ing system of the district has been considerable. The small 

 farmers, some of whose cheese dairies we were able to see with 

 the help of Dr Maffei, have already commenced to apply the 

 best systems of manufacture, because they know that they are 

 adopted in the school. Others make great efforts to obtain a 

 course of education for their sons, but generally fail on account 

 of age ; they try, however, to get the best advice, especially 



