48 EDUCATION IN DAIRY FARMING, AND 



4 miles from Berlin, near the station of Oranienburg, and was 

 opened for young women (over fifteen years old) in 1844, under 

 the management of Mrs Johanna Budbech. It is provided 

 with a dairy admirably fitted up with a Laval separator, the 

 Swartz and Holstein system of creaming, and the appliances 

 necessary for the manufacture of butter, and new and skimmed 

 milk cheese. The fees for the dairy course, including board 

 and lodging and instruction, are £5 per quarter, and £7, 10s. 

 per half year ; other pupils are allowed to enter the school for 

 shorter periods upon payment of a small sum (20s.), and 2s. 6d. 

 per day for board and lodging. There is no subvention granted 

 to this school. 



Brunswick. — The instruction given at the Brunswick Dairy 

 School, which is under the direction of a well-known German 

 expert, Mr Flaack, is of a very different kind to that given in 

 the schools of dairying throughout Germany ; and having had 

 an opportunity of inspecting the factory with which it is con- 

 nected, which was one of the first started in Germany, and 

 which is of a very elaborate and yet practical kind, we are well 

 aware of the advantages which pupils must enjoy. The equip- 

 ment of the factory includes two steam boilers, one of which is 

 a 14-horse-power; two large Danish and one Laval separator, a 

 Pasteuriser, and suitable apparatus for milk-cooling, cheese- 

 making, butter-making, the whole being capable of dealing with 

 the yearly receipt of 3,000,000 litres of milk. There are three 

 depots in Brunswick, and fourteen vans constantly delivering 

 the dairy produce, and it is the management or manufacture of 

 this that the pupils under Mr Flaack are able to study. The 

 cheeses, which are made arc both hard and soft, French and 

 German, and every pupil passes through the entire course of 

 work if his stay is sufficiently long. They are required to learn 

 the use of the implements and machinery, to actually make the 

 butter and cheese, to test milk by the Soxhlet, Marchand, and 

 other well-known processes, including the lacrocrit of Laval. 

 Besides this instruction, the pupils have every opportunity 

 afforded them for making themselves acquainted with the 

 system of keeping the accounts of the factory, also with the 

 trade-books, records, and tables which are kept in connection 

 with the work. They board with the director, and are required 

 to comply willingly with all orders given by him. There is no 

 fixed course as regards time, its duration being arranged in 

 accordance with the requirements of pupils, as well as by the 

 zeal and industry they display. The fees, which include board 

 and lodging in the institution, are £6, 5s. for one month, £10, 

 10s. for two months, and £13, 10s. for three months, and suit- 

 able terms for residence of shorter duration. The idea of the 

 control is to educate persons to enable them to become directors, 



