DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 47 



is required to furnish his own bed, and to pay washing expenses. 

 The subvention granted by the State amounts to £45. The 

 school is provided with a separator and admirable appliances. 



Silesia. 



The establishment of a Government dairy school in Silesia 

 has had the effect of promoting considerable study of dairy 

 work, and of enhancing the number of dairy farmers, and 

 increasing their returns. Milk factories and co-oi3erative asso- 

 ciations have sprung into existence, and are now numerous. 

 Silesian butter, always in great repute, can now compete with 

 that of the more celebrated northern states ; while the cheese 

 industry, which has always been in the background, is likely to 

 be revived, and the more extended manufacture of the many 

 foreign varieties consumed in Leipsic and Dresden in particular 

 attempted. The population numbers 4,110,000, and no less 

 than 810,000 cows are maintained, although many of these, 

 being used for draught, can be reckoned as of little use in the 

 dairy. 



Proskau. — One of the most important dairy science in- 

 stitutes with which is connected a dairy school in Germany is 

 that of Proskau in Silesia, which was opened in 1878, and was 

 founded by the Central Agricultural Society of the province. 

 There are two principal courses of instruction for the benefit of 

 persons of all classes who desire theoretical and practical instruc- 

 tion in dairy work, who must be above the age of sixteen years, 

 and provided with the requisite certificates of good conduct and 

 education. The other courses last from six to eight weeks, and 

 are three in number ; the first course is for young men during 

 the months of Janviary and February, and the second and third 

 for young women during May and June, October and November. 

 Intermittent courses of dairying last only from eight to ten days, 

 and are designed for the benefit of persons who are practically 

 acquainted with the dairy industry, but who desire to be per- 

 fected upon any particular point. In a similar manner the 

 courses are three in number, one of which is for males, and the 

 other two for females. Pupils are required to pay 10s. for in- 

 struction, the board and lodging being obtained in the neigh- 

 bourhood at the rate of about Is. 3d. per day. The average 

 number of pupils varies from 20 to 30, and over 200 have 

 passed through the institute. The subsidy received from the 

 State is £200, and from the province of Silesia £250. Produce 

 is made from milk, which is dealt with at the rate of about 30 

 gallons per day. 



Brandenburg. 

 Sachsenhausen. — This dairy and housekeeping school is 



