46 EDUCATION IN DAIRY FARMING, AND 



work. Professor Bischofif informs us that dairying is taught in 

 nearly all the agricultural schools of Bavaria. 



Weihenstephan Institute and School. — This institute is con- 

 ducted in connection with the School of Agriculture and Brewing, 

 and is at once theoretical and practical, dairying being conducted 

 upon distinct lines to the exclusion of purely agricultural details. 

 The theoretical instruction comprises the chemical and jDhysical 

 study of milk and the dairy in general, the breeding of dairy cattle, 

 the economy of the dairy, the formation of syndicates for the 

 employment and sale of milk, and the management of businesses 

 or farms connected with the dairy industry. The practical in- 

 struction is divided into four parts. The first includes labora- 

 tory work ; the second, manipulation of milk in the steam dairy, 

 creaming, and the manufacture of butter and cheese ; the third, 

 discussions upon different questions relating to the dairy under 

 the direction of the teacher ; and the fourth, excursions, and 

 visiting farms to which good dairies are attached. The institute is 

 provided with an admirable dairy and a good chemical laboratory. 

 The dairy comprises two large apartments ; in the first are the 

 refrigerators or deep-setting vessels upon the Swartz system of 

 cream-raising, the Laval separator, the Holstein churn, a butter 

 worker, and the necessary appliances ; in the second department 

 is the steam-engine, the cheese vat or kettle, and all the acces- 

 sories necessary for the manufacture of different varieties of 

 cheese. There is also an admirable school-room and a cow- 

 house. There are three courses in the year, lasting about eight 

 weeks, and commencing on the 1st December, 1st February, and 

 1st May. At the end of each course the pupils have the oppor- 

 tunity of passing an examination, and obtaining a certificate 

 when they are considered worthy. The fees payable, which in- 

 clude lodging, are £2 each for the winter courses, and 30s. for the 

 summer courses; without lodging, the cost is £1 for each course. 

 The pupils must be eighteen years of age, and provide certificates 

 of good conduct and a practical knowledge of agriculture. 



Westphalia. 



Cservinh. — The dairy school, founded in 1879 by the Central 

 Agricultural Society of Westphalia, is at Cservink. Instruc- 

 tion is given in the theory and practice of dairying, including 

 the manufacture of butter and cheese, dairy records and 

 accounts, and all questions in connection with the dairy herd. 

 The school is especially for females, four of whom belonging to 

 the provinces are instructed gratuitously. The course lasts 

 for one year, and commences on the 1st October. Pupils 

 must be at least seventeen years old, and furnish certificates 

 similar to those already referred to. The fees payable, which 

 include instruction, board, and lodging, are £7 ; but each pupil 



