DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 45 



ating, the manufacture of butter and different kinds of cheese. 

 Pupils are also taught dairy record and book keeping, and they 

 also have practical experience in the management and feeding of 

 cattle and pigs. The director is assisted in the course of instruc- 

 tion by competent masters, and the pupils are required to display 

 diligence and zeal, and to preserve a decent and modest be- 

 haviour, otherwise they are expelled from the school, and the 

 fees which have been paid are forfeited. At the end of each 

 course examinations take place, and certificates are awarded, 

 which contain notes upon the behaviour, diligence, proficiency 

 in practical work, and theoretical knowledge of the pupil. 

 There is a farm in connection with the school upon which the 

 pupils are enabled to work. 



Wamikam. — The dairy school of Warnikam, in East 

 Prussia, was founded in 1883 by the Dairy Society of the pro- 

 vince. It is intended for the practical and theoretical instruc- 

 tion of young women intending to follow dairy work. The 

 course lasts one year, and the fees payable amount to £2, 10s., 

 which include board and instruction, but without bed and 

 washing. 



Lidsenhof. — This school is similar to that above mentioned, 

 and two scholars are provided with gratuitous instruction by 

 the Dairy Society of East Prussia. 



Grothe — Osnahruck — The dairy school of Grothe was 

 founded by the Agricultural Society of Osnabruck in 1880. It 

 is intended to supply young men and young women with a 

 knowledge of dairying, that they may be able to take charge of 

 dairies or farms in future years. They must be at least sixteen 

 years old, and pay fees, including board and lodging, of £7, 10s. 

 for the three months' course, or £12 for a course of six months. 



Bavaria. 



Landsherg. — The important agricultural school of Lands- 

 berg aifords a separate course for dairying instruction, which 

 extends for three months twice in each year, and is under the 

 director of the school. It is intended for the sons of farmers, 

 who are boarded, and who are required to perform the whole 

 of the work in connection with the dairy and the cattle. Young 

 men are received after sixteen years of age, and are required to 

 pay £7, 10s. for the course ; but this sum is returned to them 

 in payment for their work to pupils from Upper Bavaria, if they 

 are found to be sufficiently competent. Pupils are received in 

 small numbers — only sufficient to do the actual work of the 

 school. The instruction comprises milking and management of 

 cattle, including elementary veterinary instruction, a knowledge 

 of forage and feeding, the management of pastures and of 

 manures of all kinds, dairy book-keeping, and general dairy 



