44 EDUCATION IN DAIRY FARMING, AND 



per head. Forty-eight per cent, of the population is engaged 

 in general agriculture and dairy farming. The first impulse 

 given to the co-operative movement above referred to was t)y 

 means of an exhibition of dairy produce, with a working dairy 

 and a lecture, which was given by one of the agricultural 

 instructors who visited Heldenfingen in 1881. 



East Prussia. 



The Dairy School and Experimental Station of Kleinhoff- 

 Tapiau. — The experiment station of Kleinhofif-Tapiau is of 

 considerable importance, and is under the direction of Professor 

 Fleischmann of the University of Konigsberg, formerly at 

 Baden, and who is one of the chief German authorities upon 

 scientific dairy matters in general. The station receives a 

 subvention of £75 a year from the Government, a similar 

 sum from the province, and a sum of £40 from each of the 

 three agricultural central unions. The dairy school attached 

 to the station receives no subvention, and is partly self-support- 

 ing, the responsibility resting with the Dairy Farm Union. The 

 director, Herr Schrew, receives from each pupil £6 half-yearly for 

 board, the gross sum paid half-yearly being £7, 10s., the balance of 

 £1, 10s. going to the education fund. A certain number of persons 

 desirous to study at the experiment station are allowed to do so 

 free of cost, providing themselves with board and lodging in the 

 town of Tapiau, which is less than a mile distant. The scholars 

 are at liberty to assist in the practical work, but only upon the 

 condition that it is performed regularly and punctually. They 

 also receive one hour's theoretical instruction daily, and private 

 instruction if they desire it, but for which they pay. Pupils are 

 also afforded opportunities of making experiments and research, 

 and when competent they may obtain an order for the pursuit 

 of similar work in chemistry. The fees payable by other than 

 free scholars is 25s. per term of one month, or with private 

 instruction 50s. per term. An extra fee of 5s. per month is paid 

 by those who assist in the practical work of the station. The 

 rules of the dairy school are drawn up by the general assembly 

 of the East Prussian Dairy Farming Union. Pupils are required 

 to provide certificates of ordinary education and of practical 

 activity for at least two years' duration in the dairy department. 

 They are required to be proficient in reading, writing, and arith- 

 metic, to possess strong and healthy constitutions, and to be at 

 least twenty years of age. The course of instruction is six 

 months, and during this term one hour's theoretical instruction 

 is given daily, thus embracing the united dairy departments and 

 the most important questions connected with cattle management 

 and forage cropping. In the dairy, the centrifugal system of 

 creaming is fully taught, together with the system of refriger- 



