DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 43 



15th November. Pupils are preferred who belong to the 

 district, and must be over sixteen years of age, and already 

 competent in the work they are to be further instructed in. 

 The fees for the course are £17, 10s. The whole of the work in 

 the house and dairy, as well as in the farm branches in which 

 they study, is performed by the pupils. In many of these cases, 

 where the schools are upon farms, the pupils are restricted to a 

 small number, such in fact as can be properly engaged. The 

 cows number from 35 to 40, and the extent of the farm is 

 about 340 acres. 



WURTEMBERG. 



One of the leading agricultural schools of Germany is that 

 at Hohenheim in Wurtemberg, where dairying forms a part of 

 the ordinary course of studies ; but there are no dairy schools 

 or stations where special instruction is given in this branch of 

 agriculture. There are, however, associations for the manufac- 

 ture and sale of dairy produce, which are assisted by the Govern- 

 ment. These are of two classes : — 



1. Genossenschaft Molkereien, i.e., the association of farmers 

 for the manufacture and sale of butter and cheese, and for the 

 sale of milk at a central market. These institutions receive 

 Government subventions for the erection of suitable buildings 

 and the provision of plant, and an additional subsidy propor- 

 tionate to the quantity of produce sold. They are situated at 

 Aichstetten, Heldenfingen, Gestellen, and Gerabrann. 



2. Samniel Molkereien. — These are associations of a similar 

 kind, conducted for the manufacture of butter only, and involv- 

 ing no expense in the erection of dairies or plant. They 

 receive Government subventions, which are based upon the 

 quantity of cream produced, the milk remaining for consump- 

 tion on the farm. Sir Henry Barron, of the British Legation 

 at Stuttgart, kindly informs us that there is no separate grant 

 for the special purpose of encouraging dairy education, although 

 an aggregate sum of 10,000 marks (£500) is annually granted for 

 the promotion of cattle-breeding and dairy farming, the amount 

 allotted to the latter branch varying from year to year. An 

 important official paper, relating to the organisations to which 

 reference has been made, is published by the Government. It 

 shows the work which is conducted at the four first-class asso- 

 ciations and at the societies of the second class, the details being 

 of the most interesting nature. It also contains the rules for 

 the conduct of these associations. 



It may be added that there are in Wurtemberg 460,000 cows, 

 or about one to every four persons, and 117 head of cattle to 

 every square mile. The value of the cows varies between £17, 

 10s. and £25, and their weight between 670 lbs. and 1020 lbs. 



