DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 41 



women. Practical lessons are given by the wife of the pro- 

 prietor of the farm attached to the school, and include a know- 

 ledge of the breeding of cattle, of complete dairy work, and of 

 general farm details. The dairy is fitted with a steam-engine 

 and appliances, capable of dealing with 1000 litres (220 gallons) 

 per day. There is a Laval separator, and the creaming system 

 of Swartz, Keimers, and Holstein, and soft cheeses, in imitation 

 of the French, are a special product. The prospectus states 

 that the following subjects are included in the course: — 1. 

 General dairy work and book-keeping. 2. Breeding of cattle, 

 the care and management of calves, cows, and pigs. 3. Cooking. 

 4. Housekeeping. 5. Poultry. 6. Market gardening. The 

 course lasts for three months, and pupils are required to show 

 that they possess a practical knowledge before entrance. Pupils 

 desiring to take situations after leaving are recommended 

 to stop from six to twelve months. The fees, which include 

 instruction, board, lodging, and washing, are £3 per month for 

 the three months, or 50s. per month for the six months' course ; 

 others unwilling to stay the whole course are charged £5 per 

 month. Payment in advance in all cases. 



Leutwitz. — The Dairy School of Leutwitz, near Demitz, was 

 opened in 1884. Practical and theoretical instruction are given 

 in butter and skimmed-milk cheese-making. The course lasts 

 six months, and the fees, including board and lodging, are 30s. 

 per month. 



Pdese — Luneburg. — This school was formed in 1884 Avith the 

 assistance of the Provincial Union in the principality of Lllne- 

 burg. A sinking fund of £250, lasting for ten years, was provided 

 by the province for the erection of the school, but there is no 

 other help given beyond a subsidy of £12, 10s. from the Royal 

 Agricultural Society. The school includes instruction in dairy 

 work and housekeeping, and the fees payable by the pupils are 

 £7, 10s. per quarter, £10 for the half year, or £15 per year. 

 The instruction is thus quite free, the money not even covering 

 board and lodging expenses. One half of the girls are daily 

 occupied in housework, and the other half with the dairy and 

 the cows until mid-day, alternating from time to time. In the 

 afternoon instruction is given in theoretical subjects, including 

 arithmetic and cattle work, and of course the theory of dairying 

 and book-keeping. Cattle are kept, and there is an average of 300 

 litres of milk passing daily through the dairy, which is made 

 into cheese and butter, the calves being fed with the skimmed 

 milk. The systems adopted are the Holstein, Swartz, and the 

 Laval hand separator. 



Badbergen Dairy School. — This school was opened in April 

 1880, and is intended for the instruction of young women in 

 dairy work and housekeeping, under the management of Mrs 



