DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 39 



receives from the Association £75 annually, also the money 

 paid for the instruction of the pupils — all of whom are females 

 — viz., £2, 15s. monthly. The Association also assists some of 

 the girls by the payment of £1 a month, if they prove worthy 

 during their first month. In this way about £25 to £30 is 

 annually given. The monthly bonus is to be increased to 30s. 

 monthly. The course of instruction last six months. The pupils 

 engaged upon one subject do not exceed four, or, at the highest, 

 six at the same time, so that each may have the advantage of 

 every branch of study. The Association also maintains at 

 Wurzen an agricultural school for young men. Every fovirteen 

 days (Wednesdays) a scholar — always the same — goes from this 

 school to teach the theory of book-keeping, dairying, and cattle- 

 breeding, for which the Association pays £10 yearly. The Farm 

 School at Rotha is also called a husbandry school, for not only 

 is dairy farming taught, but all matters concerning husbandry 

 that a woman or a female farmer in the country should know — 

 dairy fjxrming, management of cows, calves, and pigs. There are 

 no pastures in the district, but the cattle are stall-fed both in 

 winter and summer ; the care of fowls, cooking, washing ; the 

 / care of the sick in light accidents, and the cultivation of 

 vegetables in the garden. The pupils must be strong and 

 healthy, and be at least sixteen years of age. In the dairy four 

 systems of creaming are taught — the centrifugal system, the 

 shallow setting, the Swartz, and the Reimer's system ; so that 

 the girls are able to work at either when they are placed upon 

 a farm where this or that operation is adopted. They also 

 learn butter-making and cheese-making. I owe my best thanks 

 to Herr Francke, of Leipzig, for the above. The following is 

 the course of study: — 1. Dairy management and work in gene- 

 ral, with book-keeping ; 2. The feeding and management of 

 cattle, calves, pigs ; 3. The management of poultry ; 4. House- 

 keeping ; 5. Cooking ; 6. Washing ; 7. Vegetable cultivation. 



Freihiirgsdorf. 

 The Dairy School of the Agricultural Society of Dresden 

 is at Freiburgsdorf, near Freiburg in Saxony, and was opened 

 in 1885 under the direction of Sir Lorenz, who teaches the 

 practical work of the school, the theoretical instruction being 

 given by the secretary of the society, Mr Mtinzner. The 

 instruction comprises the departments of the dairy, the dairy ' 

 cattle, the garden, and the house, and is intended for the 

 daughters of middle-class farmers. In connection with the 

 school is a herd of 60 cows, and butter and cheese, both of 

 new and skimmed milk, are largely made. The pupils are fully 

 taught in the theory and practice of milk, butter, and cheese 

 management, cattle and pig breeding, dairying, book-keeping, 



