DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 35 



grants made to the winter schools vary between £60 and 

 £400, but there are grants from provincial governments and 

 agricultural societies which make their income considerably- 

 higher. 



Berlin. 



I am indebted to Professor Lechmann of the Royal Agri- 

 cultural High School of Berlin for the following information 

 regarding his course as Professor of Dairpng. The course of 

 instruction is divided into two terms ; two hours weekly only 

 being devoted to book study. The production and management 

 of milk is chiefly treated upon during the summer season ; 

 cream, milk, and cheese being the subjects of study during 

 winter. Lectures are given, which are illustrated with models 

 of the machines and appliances used in dairjdng. There are also 

 weekly examinations of milk, rennet, and dairy produce, when 

 experiments are made in order that the pupils, who are well- 

 educated young men, may become intimately acquainted with 

 them. The class numbers from twenty to fifty pupils; but there 

 is no practical instruction in dairy work or dairy farming, a 

 laboratory only being provided, and for this a small annual grant 

 is made by the Government. 



Poriierania — Casekoiv. 



This school was founded in 1880, and is supported by the 

 Government and the two Pomeranian agricultural associations. 

 Some 250 individuals have already passed through its curri- 

 culum, and considerably benefited by what they have learned. 

 Some of these have already been employed as directors of 

 larger schools, and others as stewards or managers of estates 

 or farms. The director of the school, Mr Du Roy, is the 

 official adviser of the province, and he studies to develop dairy 

 work, which has so long been foreign to the country. The 

 course of instruction lasts six months, and there are two sessions 

 yearly, commencing in January and July ; young men being 

 taken for one course, and young women for the other. The 

 teaching is entirely gratuitous, but pupils are required to pay 

 30s. per month for board and lodging. The subvention received 

 from the State is £225, and from the province £250. Puj^ils, 

 before entering the school, are required to possess some know- 

 ledge of the management of milk and of dairy cattle ; they are 

 required to do the work of the dairy and farm in accordance 

 with the direction of their teachers ; certificates are given them 

 at the conclusion of each course, and these are found to materially 

 assist in preparation, as they are valuable by reason of good be- 

 haviour and the knowledge they display. A certain sum of money 

 is provided for the instruction of three pupils. The scheme of 



