DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 31 



be neither fatigue for the spirit nor lassitude for the body." 

 Pupils who accomplish their term of studies with regularity, and 

 satisfy the examiners, are awarded a certificate by the Ministry 

 of Agriculture upon the proposition of examiners. During the 

 examination at the close of the first term of 1887, the com- 

 mittee present were M. Greset, conseiler general ; M. Mengere ; 

 MM. Champion and Galery, farmers ; and M. Le Chertier, director 

 of the Station Agronomique of Rennes. The pupils were ques- 

 tioned viva voce, and reqiiired to perform certain dairy opera- 

 tions, and six were awarded diplomas. Some difficulty is 

 experienced in getting the pupils for the commencement of the 

 second term, in consequence of the parents requiring the assist- 

 ance of their daughters during the busy months of July and 

 August. Professor Le Chertier considers that the future of the 

 school is assured, and that its success is owing to its excellent 

 installation, to the good instruction given, and the intelligent 

 management of Madame Bodin, whose name inspires confidence 

 in the minds of the farming community. 



Germany. 



It is an undoubted fact that we owe a great debt to Germany 

 for the valuable discoveries she has made, and the facts she has 

 elicited through the medium of multitudes of experiments in 

 the science and practice of the dairy. We must not, however, 

 omit to notice that this good work has almost wholly been done 

 through the action of the Imperial and Provincial Govern- 

 ments in affording pecuniary aid, first for the instruction and 

 preparation of teachers, and next for the conduct of experimental 

 work. This aid has not been great ; but, remembering the 

 laborious, patient, and careful nature of the German scientist, it 

 has been sufficient to enable him to solve problems to which we 

 in Great Britain have not had the time or the means to turn 

 our attention. The prizes connected with agricultural science 

 and the pay for agricultural scientific work are not so great that 

 the few qualified men we have can afford to neglect the ordi- 

 nary means of earning subsistence. Government aid, however, 

 although given with a careful hand, would afford the means of 

 solving many difficult questions, each of which at this moment 

 stands in the way of greater profit or larger returns to the dairy 

 farmer. 



Germany is splendidly equipped as regards agricultural edu- 

 cation, from the humblest to the highest degree ; and it is now 

 •within the means of every Hanoverian farmer or Pomeranian 

 peasant to obtain instruction in the elementary science as well 

 as the practice of dairy work. The universities and schools, 

 where the dairy is but a passing subject, are supplemented by 

 the Wanderlehre or travelling lecturer, the forty dairy schools 



