DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 101 



numbers over a hundred, and includes many of the most cele- 

 brated men in America. Of these the majority dealt with ques- 

 tions which directly related to the dairy. In a word, there were 

 few papers which were not suitable to an English dairy conference. 



Kansas. — Some interesting details with regard to education 

 are given by Mr G. T. Fairchild, the president of the Kansas 

 State Agricultural College at Manhattan. He says that in his 

 college a ten weeks' course of an hour a day in the theory and 

 practice of butter and cheese making is given to the second 

 year girls. It appears that those who enter for the course of 

 instruction must have some knowledge of organic and inorganic 

 chemistry. The following extract from the college prospectus 

 enclosed to us by Mr Fairchild will give some idea of the 

 system pursued : — " During the spring term daily instruction 

 and practice in the different branches of dairying are given the 

 ladies of the second year by the instructor in household economy. 

 Here the regular daily work is supplemented by a short course 

 of lectures, intended to explain the best practice in the arts of 

 butter and cheese making, and to give the reasons therefor. 

 The following topics cover, in the main, the instruction given 

 to the class : — Influences affecting the quality and quantity of 

 milk, butter-making, creamers, ' deep ' and ' shallow ' setting 

 systems, packing and preserving butter, the household and 

 factory systems of cheese-making." 



Mr Fairchild adds that dairying is taught to special students 

 at Ames, Iowa, and at Madison, Wisconsin. It is also practised on 

 a large scale at Storkville, Missisippi, the students doing a large 

 portion of the work there ; however, the factory system is upper- 

 most. The total State subventions for the Kansas College from 

 1863 to 1888 amount to £62,000, nearly one-half of which has 

 been paid for buildings and repairs. Farmers' institutes or 

 meetings have been held for nearly twenty years. In 1881 the 

 college commenced a series of conferences in many different 

 counties, and has maintained this system ever since, having 

 traversed the great part of the State, and left a local organisa- 

 tion in each county to do good work for all time. The college 

 bears the entire expenses with the exception of local charges, 

 and furnishes one-half of the programme. 



Massachusetts. — Mr W. R. Sessions, secretary of the Agri- 

 cultural Department at Boston, reports that the only place where 

 dairying is taught to any extent is at the State Agricultural 

 College at Amherst. This college receives an appropriation for 

 the maintenance of an agricultural station to the value of £2000, 

 and for the maintenance of eighty free scholarships a further 

 sum of £2000. £1000 a-year is also granted for the purposes of 

 investigating contagious diseases amongst stock. 



The State Board holds three days' country meetings in 

 December, when twelve lectures are given, and, in addition, the 



