DAIRYING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 



97 



practical and theoretical dairying is given by Professor Arnold ; 

 and in the feeding and management of stock, and the produc- 

 tion and sale of milk, by Professor Roberts himself He adds 

 that all the Northern and some of the Southern States have 

 one or more State dairymen's conventions, which, we may 

 remark, are similar to the dairy conferences annually held in this 

 country, as may be seen by the published accounts of their pro- 

 ceedings. Professor Roberts concludes by saying that " there is 

 a great awakening among our people to the necessity of better 

 trained men among the dairy farmers, and great efforts are 

 being made not only to educate the people at home, but to 

 induce young men and women to study those subjects which 

 relate to this industry. The work is so new, and has grown so 

 rapidly within the last two or three years, that the time has not 

 been sufficient to formulate or to perfect our methods. There is 

 much enthusiasm together with much crudeness, but this will 

 right itself in due time." 



The following figures show the value of the property, the 

 permanent endowment, and the annual interest granted to eight 

 of the most successful colleges in the United States : — 



In Vermont, dairy education is conducted at the Agricultural 

 College at Burlington, for which institution there is an annual 

 grant of £700. Farmers' institutes are held in every county 

 of the State in each year, and for this purpose £500 is granted. 

 There is a State dairymen's association. 



New York State. — The secretary of the New York State 

 Dairymen's Association, Mr Josiah Shull, says that there are 

 really no dairy schools in the State, although the various meet- 

 ings which have been held are in that direction — " to instruct, 

 to educate." He adds, that last summer the first dairy con- 

 ference in the State was held for the purpose of giving instruc- 

 tion, and to illustrate the practice of butter-making. Two 

 dairies were selected in different parts of the State ; a day was 

 fixed, and all persons interested were invited to attend. The 

 whole details of butter-making were demonstrated in the pre- 



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