DAIRYING IM EURtJPE AND AMERICA. 93 



the market. The payment for instruction by pupils is to be on 

 an extremely low scale. Since the above remarks were written 

 we are informed by the consul that a school is to be established 

 at Bolsward by the Agricultural Society of Friesland, and that 

 the following subsidies have been either granted or applied for: — 

 2000 guilders (or £166) from the Government, and 1000 guilders 

 (or £83) from the province towards the initial expenses, and 

 similar simis for the annual maintenance of the school. The 

 Royal Agricultural School, which chiefly gives instruction in 

 the science of agriculture, is controlled by a director and sub- 

 director, under whom there are twenty-one teachers and 

 thirteen assistants. The annual payment for instruction is 

 £3, 6s. 8d. The pupils lodge at a boarding establishment in 

 connection with the school, where they are required to pay a 

 sum of £37, 10s. If pupils lodge with private individuals 

 they are charged for board and lodging sums varying between 

 £25 and £100. 



Belgium. 



There is no special school of dairying in Belgium, but the 

 subject is taught during the course at the Royal Agricultural 

 Institute at Gembloux, which receives a State grant varying from 

 £4400 to £4800. The instructor — in science only — is the 

 well-known chemist, Professor Chevron, who has contributed 

 largely to our knowledge of the science of milk. He treats ex- 

 clusively upon " the dairy, old methods of butter manufacture, 

 the Swartz system setting in running water, centrifugal cream- 

 ing, margarine butter, and the cheese dairy." The feeding and 

 management of cows is taught by another professor. Demon- 

 strations are occasionally given. At the superior school of 

 agriculture connected with the Catholic University of Louvain, 

 the dairy course is more complete, although based upon similar 

 lines. At Herve a course of dairy instruction is given by two 

 experts at the cost of the Government, and extends over forty 

 lessons. The Government also organises special courses of 

 lectures in different districts each year, with the view of in- 

 structing those who are interested. 



United States. 

 Although our language, and to a large extent our agricultural 

 systems, are based upon similar lines, it has been even more 

 difficult to obtain details of the work pursued in the United 

 States than in some of the countries of Europe ; and but for the 

 very generous and valuable aid of Col. F. D. Curtis, whose 

 reputation is so well known in this country (and whose ancestors 

 were Puritans), the information conveyed in this report would 

 be but meagre. We are also largely indebted to Professor 

 Henry, to Major Alvord, to Mr John Gould, and to many other 

 celebrated Americans, who have managed to spare some of their 



