158 ANTHRAX AND ANTHRACOID DISEASES. 



some connection with the disease. This, however, as well as 

 the disease induced by eating lupin, prevailing on the Continent, 

 is well worthy of further consideration. 



II. With External Eruptions. — In the case of charbonous 

 fever, often at its commencement, the first observable signs are 

 tumours on the surface of the body. There tumours serve as a 

 base to all the divisions and subdivisions of charbon, following 

 their form, volume, situation; the degree of virulence of the 

 accompanying fever ; the resistance which they oppose to thera- 

 peutics ; and finally, the physically morbid character which they 

 present. They are thus divided into essential, symptomatic, 

 benign and malign. 



Seat and Anatomical Character of the Tumours — Butons 

 (Buboes). — They are developed principally in the subcutaneous 

 areolar tissues, in those parts of the body where it is loose and 

 abundant, as well as in the lymphatic glands and muscular 

 tissue. 



The development of these tumours is signalised by heat of the 

 skin, standing out of the hairs, and often by slight crepitation 

 in the areolar tissue when the skin is thick. At the beginning 

 they feel as nodosities placed in the areolar tissue. Each 

 nodosity is about the size of a walnut, simple or compound in 

 structure, round or irregular in form, and adhering to a pedicle 

 at its base. They are painful, and the sensibility of the sur- 

 rounding tissue is increased. When touched by the hand, a local 

 shivering like a subcutaneous beating is felt ; this character is 

 special to charbon. 



The phenomenon of crepitation arises from the affected tissue 

 evolving gas ; this constitutes crepitant and emphysematous 

 charbon, and when emphysema occurs the tissues lose their 

 sensibility, for on plunging a lancet into them the animal does 

 not evince any pain. The liberated gas is foetid, and a brownish 

 or black fluid escapes through the lancet puncture. This fluid 

 corrodes and depilates the skin. 



Engorged Tii/mours. — These tumours are uniform ; the skin 

 by which they are covered is tense, cold to the touch, crepitant, 

 and emphysematous ; they exist on the back, sides, and quartei'S, 

 and may extend and embrace the walls of the abdomen, sheath, 

 or mammary gland, perineum, vulva, or penis, anus ; but they 

 generally affect the head, and extend downwards, even to the 

 chest, and as they increase the animal may bleed from the nose, 

 show signs of suffocation, and if not speedily relieved death 

 ensues in a very short time. The swelling of the head is a 

 prominent symptom of the disease as seen in India. 



Glosso-Anthrax. — On the surfaces of the mucous membranes, 

 as the tongue, or inside of the lips, when tumours exist, phlyctenae 

 are sometimes seen, varying in size from that of a nut to a hen's 



