224 ANNUAL REPORT OF NEW-YORK 



only, lie could not hope to accomplish his purpose. He used 

 cabbages, kohl rabi and mangold wurzel in moderate quantities. 

 Of meadow hay it would require, beyond the amount necessary 

 for the maintenance of the cow, an addition of full 20 lbs. for 

 the supply of cassein in a full yield of milk (16 quarts;) 40 lbs. 

 for the supply of oil for the butter; while 9 lbs. seem adequate 

 it>r that of phosphoric acid. 



Mr. H. says : " You cannot, then, induce a cow to consume 

 the quantity of hay requisite for her maintenance and for a full 

 yield of milk of the quality instanced. Though it is a subject of 

 controversy wdiether butter is wholly derived from vegetable oil, 

 yet the particular adaptation of this oil to the purpose will, I think, 

 be admitted. I had, therefore to seek assistance from what are 

 usually termed artificial feeding substances, and to select such as 

 are rich in albumen, oil, and phosphoric acid; and I was bound 

 also to pay regard to their comparative cost, with a view to profit, 

 which, when farming is followed as a business, is a necessary, and 

 in any circumstance, an agreeable accompaniment. 



'' / think it will he found that substances peculiarly rich in nitro- 

 genous or other elements have a higher value for special than for 

 general purposes ; and that the employment of materials^ character- 

 ized by peculiar properties for the attainment of special objects^ has 

 not yet gained the attention to which it is entitled?^ 



"I have omitted all reference to the heat-supplying elements — 

 starch, suo;ar, &c. As the materials commonly used as food for 

 cattle contain sufficient of these to effect this object, under expo- 

 sure to some degree of cold, I have a right to calculate on a less 

 consumption of them as fuel, and consequently a greater surplus 

 for deposit as sugar, and probably also as fat, in consequence of 

 my stalls being kept during winter at a temperature of nearly 60 

 degrees. 



" I now proceed to describe the means I am using to carry 

 out the purposes which I have sought to explain. My food for 

 milch cows, after having undergone various modifications, has 

 for two seasons consisted of rape-cake 5 lbs., and bran 2 lbs., for 

 each cow, mixed with a sufficient quantity of bean-straw, oat- 

 straw, and shells of oats, in equal proportions, to supply them 

 three times a day with as much as they will eat. The whole of 

 the materials are moistened, and blended together, and after being 



