22S ANNUAL REPORT OF NEW-YORK 



" I cannot here omit to remark on the satisfaction I derive from 

 the effects of this treatment on the fertility of the land in my 

 occupation. My rich pastures are not tending to impoverishment 

 ]>ut to increased fertility; their improvement in condition is appa- 

 rent. A cow in full milk, giving 16 quarts per day of the qual- 

 ity analysed by Haidlen, requires, beyond the food necessary for 

 her maintenance, 6 to 8 pounds per day of the substances con- 

 taining 30 or 25 per cent, of protein. A cow giving on the ave- 

 rage 8 quarts per day, with which she gains 7 to 9 pounds per 

 week, requires 4 to 5 pounds per day of substances rich in protein, 

 beyond the food necessary for her maintenance. Experience of 

 fattening gives 2 pounds per day, or 14 pounds per week, as what 

 can be attained on an average and for a length of time. If we 

 consider half a pound per day as fat, which is not more than 

 probable, there will be Ih pounds for flesh, which, reckoned as 

 dry material, will be about one-third of a pound; which is assim- 

 ilated in increase of fibrine, and represents only IJ to 2 pounds 

 of substances rich in protein beyond what is required for her 

 maintenance. 



" If we examine the effects on the fertility of the land, my milch 

 cows, when on rich pasture, and averaging a yield of nine quarts 

 per day, and reckoning one cow to each acre, will carry off in 

 20 weeks 25 lbs. of nitrogen, equal to 30 of ammonia. The 

 same quantity of milk will carry off 7 lbs. of phosphate of lime 

 in twenty weeks, from each acre. A fattening animal gaining 

 flesh at the rate I have described, will carry off about one-third 

 of the nitrogen (equal to about 10 lbs. of ammonia) abstracted 

 by the milch cow, whilst if full grown, it will restore the whole 

 of the phosphate. 



" It is worthy of remark that experience states that rich pastures 

 used for fattening, fully maintain their fertility through a long 

 series of years; whilst those used for dairy cows require periodi- 

 cal dressings to preserve their fertility. 



" If these computations be at all correct, they tend to show that 

 too little attention has been given to the supply of substances rich 

 in nitrogenous compounds in the food for our milch cows, whilst 

 we have laid too much stress on this property in the food for 

 fattening cattle. They tend also to the inference that, in the 

 effects on the fertility of our pastures used for dairy purposes, we 



