STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 229 



derive advantage not only from the phosphate of lime, but also 

 from the gelatine of bones used as manure. 



" On comparing the results from my milch cows fed in summer 

 on rich pasture, and treated at the same time with the extra food 

 I have described, with the results when on winter food, and 

 Avhilst wholly housed, taking into account both the yield of milk 

 and the gain of weight, I find those from stall-feeding fully equal 

 to those from the pasture. The cows which I buy as strippers, 

 for fattening, giving little milk, from neighboring farmers who 

 use ordinary food, such as turnips with straw or hay, when they 

 come under my treatment, increase their yield of milk, until after 

 a week or two they give two quarts per day more than when they 

 came, and that too of a much richer quality. 



RICHNESS OF MILK AND CREAM. 



" I sometimes observe in the weekly publications which come 

 under my notice, accounts of cows giving large quantities of but- 

 ter; these are usually, however, extraordinary instances, and not 

 accompanied with other statistical information requisite to their 

 being taken as a guide; and it seldom happens that any allusion 

 is made to the effects of the food on the condition of the animals, 

 without which no acccurate estimate can be arrived at. On 

 looking over several treatises to which I have access, I find the 

 following statistics on dairy produce : — 



" Mr. Morton, in his " Cyclopedia of Agriculture," p. 621, gives 

 the results of the practice of a Mr. Young, an extensive dairy 

 keeper in Scotland. The yield of milk per cow is stated at 680 

 gallons per year; he obtained from 16 quarts of milk, 20 oz. of 

 butter, or fur the year 227 lbs. per cow; from one gallon of cream 

 3 lbs. of butter, or 12 oz. per quart. Mr. Young is described as 

 a high feeder; linseed is his chief auxiliary food for milch cows. 

 Professor Johnston, (Elements of Agricultural Chemistry,) gives 

 the proportion of butter from milk at 1 J oz. per quart, or from 

 16 (juarts 24 oz.; being the }»r(»duce of four cows of different 

 breeds — Al<hTney, Devon and Ayrshire — on pasture and in the 

 height of the sutiiuier season. On other four cows of the Ayrshire 

 breed, he gives the proportion of butter from 16 quarts as 16 oz. 

 beinc; 1 oz. per quart. Tliese c<»ws were likewise on pasture. 

 The same author states the yield of butter as one-fourth of the 

 weight of cream, or about 10 (»z. i»er quart. Mr. Rawlinson, 



