322 ANNUAL REPORT OF NEW-YORK 



APPLE. TRUNK. 



irregular roundish or long and narrowish flat shallov/ burro v\'S, 

 immediately under the bark, at the crown of the root, where tlio 

 worm lies through the first winter; then boring upwards in tlie 

 solid wood about three inches, and reposing here through tlie 

 second winter, the perfect insect coming out of the tree the f^;!- 

 lowing June. 



A cylindrical butternut-brown beetle, hoary white beneath, aiul 

 with two broad milk white stripes above, running the whole leiigtli 

 of its body. Length 0.60 to 0.75. 



A full account of this species will be found in my first repor!, 

 Transactions N. Y. State Agricultural Society for 1854, p. 715. 

 Having recently enjoyed ample opportunities for inspecting tlie 

 work of this borer, I find it is more variable in its habits than 

 previous information had led me to suppose. The account given 

 by Dr. Harris, the best authority we have hitherto possessed on 

 subjects of this kind, has caused a very imperfect and in some 

 respects erroneous idea of its oj^erations to become widely preva- 

 lent in our country. He says, " The grub, with its strong jaws, 

 cuts a cylindrical passage through the bark, and pushes its cast- 

 ings backwards out of the hole from time to time, while it bores 

 upwards in the wood, penetrating eight or ten inches in the tree." 

 But, as I have heretofore stated, it is when the worm first hatches 

 from the egg that it mines its way through the bark, and is tlien 

 so minute that the hole it makes is no larger than the perforation 

 of a pin, and often becomes wholly closed and obliterated. And 

 the worm does not now penetrate into the wood, but feeds upon 

 the inner layers of the bark and the outer layers of the sap-wood, 

 for about a twelvemonth, and till it is half grown to maturity, 

 excavating hereby a shallow flat cavity between the bark and tlie 

 wood, which cavity extends some two or three inches up and down 

 and is half as broad, but is commonly very irregular in its form, in 

 consequence of several worms working in the same tree and avoiding 

 any encroachment upon each other. This cavity is almost inva- 

 riably found stuffed full and densely packed with the sawdust- 

 like castings or chips of the worm, a small quantity of which is 

 commonly protruded to the outside of the bark, sometimes throng ■! 

 a natural crack formed by the bark becoming dead, dry and con- 



