STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 113 



shield, which were formerly black, have become brown. This larva now 

 issues from the fruit. It generally leaves the fruit during the night, either 

 by letting itself down by a silken web, or by crawling down the trunk of 

 the tree — about half get to the ground one way, and half the other. Its 

 object in descending the tree is to find some sheltered spot in which to 

 spin its cocoon. Having found this place, it begins to spin its cocoon, 

 which it always covers on the outside with the particles of the bark 

 of the tree. The normal spinning place is under the loose scales of 

 bark of the tree, so that it is very difficult to find it. Within this 

 cocoon the larva changes to a chrysalis. This stage lasts about twelve 

 days, during which time it remains without food or motion. It then 

 works its way partly out of the cocoon by these spines [illustrating] and 

 gives forth the moth. 



At first, the wings are damp. You can see them expand, or grow. 

 They are little pads when they first come out of the chrysalis, but in the 

 course of ten minutes, they are fully expanded. 



This moth is inconspicuous, because it is entirely nocturnal in its 

 habits. It is brown — has two large spots near the tips of the wings, of 

 brown, and of metallic luster, and is very pretty. 



In this manner the transformations of this little moth are gone 

 through — those transformations which, from time immemorial, have been 

 looked upon as emblematic of man's immortality — the groveling worm 

 representing our earthly condition. There are two broods each year. 

 This was long suspected by us in the West, but eastern authors had not 

 regarded it so, and I had the honor of demonstrating it. The larvt\2 of 

 the first brood frequently co-exist with those of tlie second — thus the later 

 individuals of the first brood will be frequently found in the same apples 

 as the earlier individuals of the second. 



Now let us make a few practical suggestions : First, I will refer to 

 the direct killing of the insect. We can take advantage of the larvae 

 habit. You are all, as members of this Society, conversant with the dif- 

 ferent kinds of bandages that have been employed for this purpose. The 

 main point I wish to convey is, that whatever bandage is placed around 

 the tree, it should be placed on the tree by the first of June, in this lati- 

 tude ; or it may be delayed a little, in the more northern parts of the 

 State, with impunity ; but it is safe to have them on by that time. The)- 

 should be examined six or seven weeks after the blossoms fall from the 

 tree. Dr. LeBaron gives seven weeks for the northern part of the State, 

 after the blossoms have fallen ; and, for the latitude of St. Louis, I would 

 say six weeks. They should then be examined four times, at intervals of 

 ten days, and once after the apples are all taken off the tree. 



Now with regard to the best bandage : as Mr. Wier is present it will 

 be best for me to read what I have said about the best kind of bandage in 

 my last report : 



"wier's apple-worm trap. 



" Fully resolved to test this trap thoroughly, in comparison with 

 other methods of allurement, I commenced (having, of course, purchased 



