230 ILLINOIS STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



over-cropped lands ; he thought clover would run out in two years if the 

 ground was not re-seeded by itself. 



Mr. Glover thought his clover, the Mammoth variety, did not run 

 out ; it had stood five years or more, yielding well. 



President Hammond agreed with Mr. Hathaway that clover was a 

 biennial plant ; would run out if not re-seeded by itself. 



Mr. McCune esteemed clover for pasture ; it was good hay ; half 

 timothy for horses was preferable. He spoke of clover running out 

 under certain conditions. 



It was conceded by all that clover was eminently adapted for pasture 

 and hay, and unsurpassed as a fertilizer. 



The chair announced the subject of subsoiling. 



Mr. Bliss said, as far as his observation extended, subsoiling was only 

 partially practiced. 



The question was raised. What is subsoiling, or in what method of 

 turning up the substratum of soil did it consist? 



Dr. HoUowbush gave a definition of subsoiling. Some think deep 

 plowing, others, one plow following another, and others, turning up the 

 substratum or hard pan. All the above modes appear to be more or less 

 in use, as the means and occasion suggest to the operator. 



The state of fruit buds and trees was announced. 



Mr. Hathaway was confident he had live peach buds on a tree shel- 

 tered by the house. 



Cuttings were exhibited to the Society, which gave some hope that 

 the wood, in part, at least, is not killed. It was generally conceded that 

 owing to the continued cold weather, it is next to impossible to make 

 satisfactory examination. Much of the wood is reported hurt, and much 

 of it killed. 



Mr. Brown, of Hamilton, reported peaches in a bad way; pears, 

 mostly so, with a few exceptions, as Flemish Beauty, etc. ; young peach 

 wood looking well — apparently unhurt. 



Apple trees — Mr. Grover reports injury from frost, in cracking and 

 splitting the trees; fruit buds all right ; some cherries apparently good, 

 others killed ; Catawba vines killed ; Concord and Clinton partly good. 

 Hathaway had no trees split by frost — buds good. President Hammond 

 reported Rambo, Winesap, and some other tender kinds of apple buds 

 killed, otherwise apple buds in apparently good order. 



A package of cions from Russian apple trees, from the Agricultural 

 Department, Washington, was distributed to the following persons, by 

 order of the Society : Dr. Hay, Hoppe, Spitze, HoUowbush, McCune, 

 Bliss, Hammond, Willis, Hathaway, Brown, Chittenden, Grover, and 

 Grover. 



Apples, cider, and wine were then tested, eliciting various commend- 

 ations. McCune' s Bellflowers, Canada Red, and Pryor's, as well as Ham- 

 mond's, were equal to any that can be produced. In point of size, flavor, 

 and appearance, no other region of this State can produce nicer 

 specimens. 



