STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 177 



Besides these. I know that two <annil)al beetles — the Pennsylvania 

 soldier beetle, and the two-Hned soldier beetle, as well as the ants and 

 cockroaches, destroy it as it leaves the fruit. Then there is a species of 

 trogosita which Dr. LcBaron and I have found in the bandages, destroy- 

 ing the worm. I mention this to show that it has its enemies notwith- 

 standing that it lives in the center of the apple, and descends from the 

 tree at night. 



With regard to liquids or bghts, I will simply say they are of no 

 practical use. Both modes kill as many of the enemies of the codling 

 moth as of the codling moth itself. 



A few words as to its food plants : The apple is essentially its food 

 I)lant. but in late years I have seen it in pears, plums and peaches, and it 

 breeds in wild crabs. From these facts we see how foolish is the sugges- 

 tion of Dr. J. S. Parker, of Ithaca, New York, to exterminate the codling 

 moth by ceasing to grow apples for one or more years. It would thereby 

 simply be forced to breed in other fruits. 



Mr. Barler — At what time is the egg deposited ? 



Mr. Riley — Just about the time the blossoms are falling and the 

 fruit is formincr. 



I should have stated the difference between the first and second 

 broods. In the first brood the egg state lasts about ten days, the larva 

 state about thirty days, the chrysalis state twelve to fourteen days. 



The second brood, however, remains in the larva state all through 

 the winter, no matter whether it leaves tlie fruit in August or November. 

 This fact I first recorded in this country, not knowing that the same fact 

 had been recorded by a French author in 1850. 



Another point that I have not mentioned, and among others which 

 I have not had time to mention, is the necessity for destroying these 

 winter cocoons in our cellars and storehouses. The necessity of destroy- 

 ing them becomes apy)arent, because we keep them out of the way of the 

 natural enemy that would otherwise devour them. 



A Member — Could you find them in an apple barrel that was hooped 

 up? 



Mr. RiLf:v — Yes, sir ; under the hoop.s — great numbers of them. 



A Member — Did I understand you to say it was purely nocturnal? 



Mr. Riley — It might fly, to endeavor to escape, in the day, but it 

 is essentially a nocturnal insect. I have found the moth at rest in the 

 day-time under the bark, and I have found it in the house. Even in con- 

 finement it rests during the day, and becomes active during the night. 



A Member — Are they not attracted by light ? 



Mr. Riley — Very slightly, indeed. If you have a light in the 

 orchard, and some way to secure them, you will find a few of them 

 among hundreds of other species, 



Mr. Huggins — I had apples in my cellai:, in which there were two 

 windows. I moved these apples, and put in a stove, and I was quite sur- 

 l)rised to find, in the middle of the day, a number of these codling moths 

 active and trying to get out. I would like that fact explained. 



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